發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-05 18:29

【摘要】：大腦是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。優(yōu)化的拓?fù)涮匦允沟么竽X網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠更有效率地進(jìn)行信息傳輸和整合。但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湟M(jìn)行什么樣的優(yōu)化才能保證大腦有更高的傳輸效率還不得而知。高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員,尤其是團(tuán)體對抗類項(xiàng)目的高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)時(shí),需要他們在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)搜集外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)在身體狀態(tài)信息,并與過去的記憶模式相匹配,從而進(jìn)行有效地決策和動(dòng)作執(zhí)行。因此高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)高效率的傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。對他們的大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究有助于我們探索網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)化拓?fù)涮攸c(diǎn)。本研究以籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員為例,利用彌散張量成像技術(shù),對籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員和普通大學(xué)進(jìn)行掃描,采集兩組人的大腦白質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)。并采用圖論的方法,構(gòu)建兩組人的大腦白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò),分別進(jìn)行整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性和局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性上的比較,來探討優(yōu)化的大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湔w和局部的特性。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)整體屬性上,高水平籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在最短平均傳輸路徑長度和全局傳輸效率上與普通人存在顯著差異,而集聚系數(shù)上沒有顯著差異。高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員具有更短的平均傳輸路徑長度以及更高的全局傳輸效率。(2)局部屬性的節(jié)點(diǎn)屬性上,高水平籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員擁有數(shù)量更多且分布更加廣闊的核心節(jié)點(diǎn),且運(yùn)動(dòng)員獨(dú)有的核心節(jié)點(diǎn)多分布于眶額皮層、基底神經(jīng)節(jié)、邊緣系統(tǒng)以及枕葉區(qū)域。(3)局部屬性的邊屬性上,高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員在三種類型的邊上均存在連接強(qiáng)度大于普通人的連接,且在連接強(qiáng)度大于普通人的連接中,feeder連接(負(fù)責(zé)外周與中樞網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接)的數(shù)量和對全局效率的影響上都占有主要地位。結(jié)果表明:高水平籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有更加高效的傳輸效率,這主要得益于更加廣泛多樣的核心節(jié)點(diǎn),以及最重要的,外周與中樞的連接更加便捷。而且在高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,連接強(qiáng)度增加的連接主要為眶部額回——基底神經(jīng)節(jié)和與枕葉有關(guān)的模塊間的連接,這表明高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員在視覺信息與運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的傳輸和交互存在結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:The brain is a complex network system. The optimized topological characteristics enable the brain network to transmit and integrate information more efficiently. However, it is not known what kind of optimization the network topology needs to ensure that the brain has higher transmission efficiency. When high-level athletes, especially high-level athletes of group confrontation events, perform in the competition, they need to collect the information of external environment and internal physical state in a very short time, and match with the past memory patterns, so as to make effective decision-making and action execution. Therefore, the brain network of high-level athletes is an efficient transmission network. The study of their brain network is helpful for us to explore the optimal topological characteristics of the network. In this study, basketball players were taken as an example, diffusion tensor imaging technique was used to scan basketball players and ordinary universities, and the white matter data of the two groups of people were collected. By using the method of graph theory, the white matter structure network of the two groups of people is constructed, and the global network attributes and the local network attributes are compared respectively to explore the global and local characteristics of the optimized brain network topology. The results show that: (1) on the whole attribute, there are significant differences in the shortest average transmission path length and global transmission efficiency between high-level basketball players and ordinary people, but there is no significant difference in agglomeration coefficient between high-level basketball players and ordinary people. High-level athletes have shorter average transmission path length and higher global transmission efficiency. (2) on the node attributes of local attributes, high-level basketball players have more and more widely distributed core nodes, and the unique core nodes of athletes are mostly distributed in orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, marginal system and occipital lobe area. (3) the edge attributes of local attributes, The connection strength of high level athletes is higher than that of ordinary people on the edges of all three types of athletes, and the number of feeder connections (which are responsible for the connection between peripheral and central networks) and their influence on global efficiency play a major role in connections whose connection strength is greater than that of ordinary people. The results show that the brain network of high level basketball players has more efficient transmission efficiency, which is mainly due to a wider variety of core nodes, as well as, most importantly, the connection between the periphery and the center is more convenient. Moreover, in the brain network of high-level athletes, the increased connection intensity is mainly the connection between the orbital forehead gyrus-basal ganglia and the modules related to the occipital lobe, which indicates that the high-level athletes have structural advantages in the transmission and interaction of visual information and sports information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G841

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本文編號(hào)：2510727