發(fā)布時間：2019-07-05 16:49

【摘要】：研究目的:從21世紀初被引起關注到目前被應用于多個領域,振動訓練在過去二十年左右的時間里得到了廣泛的發(fā)展,該領域學者普遍認為其作為一種簡便易行的健身手段,能夠被用來激發(fā)人體潛能、提升機體功能等,并且認為振動訓練似乎更適合身體功能較弱的人群。但至今為止,振動訓練領域的理論框架還未完全厘清,學術界尚存諸多爭議點,因此需要更多研究進行理論補充和修正。為此,本研究以高齡老年人為研究主體,探究坐姿條件下振動訓練對其下肢肌肉力量、平衡功能和步行功能的影響,以期為今后老年人參加坐姿振動訓練提供指導和建議,同時為振動訓練領域的發(fā)展提供實證參考。研究方法:36名社區(qū)日托所老年人被隨機分為實驗組(20人,81.1±6.6歲)和對照組(16人,84.6±5.7歲),實驗組采用法國產BODYGREEN垂直律動機進行為期12周的坐姿振動訓練,振動方案為(2mm,3-9Hz,5min/組,2-4組/次,間歇1min,3次/周),對照組不參與振動訓練,保持正常作息。測試指標:選擇5次坐立試驗(Five Times Sit to Stand Test,FTSST)評價受試者下肢肌肉力量;采用Win-Pod足底壓力測試分析系統(tǒng)、強化Romberg測試評估受試者靜態(tài)平衡功能;選用起立-行走計時測試(Timed Up and Go Test,TUGT)、10m步行測試(10m walking test,10MWT)和6min步行測試(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)分別評價受試者功能性移動能力、步行速度和步行耐力。數據分析分別采用獨立樣本t檢驗、配對樣本t檢驗進行組間和組內比較。P0.05時認為差異有顯著意義,P0.01時認為差異有非常顯著意義。研究結果:(1)肌肉力量方面。實驗組干預后FISST成績較干預前有所提高,提高幅度為4.17%,對照組干預后測試成績較干預前有所下降,下降幅度為4.22%,兩組前后差異不具有顯著意義。(2)平衡能力方面。在Win-Pod足底壓力睜眼測試中,實驗組干預后在重心擺動軌跡長、外周面積和Y軸偏移量上有明顯提高,差異具有顯著意義(P0.05),對照組在這三項指標中均有提高,下降幅度分別為2.11%、0.05%和5.79%;實驗組在重心擺動速度、X軸擺動速度、Y軸擺動速度和X軸偏移量上與干預前相比均有下降,對照組在這四項指標上變化各異。閉眼測試中,實驗組干預后在重心擺動軌跡長和Y軸偏移量上下降明顯,差異具有顯著意義(P0.05),對照組在這兩項指標中均有提高;在其余5項指標中,實驗組均有下降,對照組均有提高,兩組前后差異皆無顯著意義。在強化Romberg測試上,實驗組干預后提高幅度3.74%,對照組下降幅度5.77%,兩組前后差異均不具有顯著意義。(3)步行能力方面。在功能性移動能力測試(TUGT)中,實驗組干預后下降8.43%,對照組干預后提升3.18%,兩組前后差異不具有顯著意義;步行速度測試(10MWT)中,實驗組干預后測試成績下降幅度為1.62%,對照組提升幅度為1.24%,兩組前后差異同樣不具有顯著意義;步行耐力測試(6MWD)中,實驗組和對照組干預后都有一定下降,下降幅度分別為0.68%和2.42%,且兩組前后差異都不具有顯著意義。結論1.12周坐姿振動訓練對增強高齡老年人下肢肌肉力量有一定幫助,能夠在一定程度上提高老年人從坐到站的能力。2.12周坐姿振動訓練可以在一定程度上增強高齡老年人的平衡能力,在重心軌跡偏移和前后方向重心偏移上效果明顯。3.12周坐姿振動訓練可以在一定程度上幫助高齡老年人提高功能性移動能力和步行速度,在步行耐力上未表現出提高效果。4.12周坐姿振動訓練期間高齡老年人依從性較好,無不良反應出現,高齡老年人能夠適應本研究中的訓練安排。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: From the beginning of the 21st century, attention has been paid to the current application in many fields, the vibration training has been widely developed in the past two decades, and it is widely believed that it can be used to stimulate the human potential as a simple and convenient body-building means. The function of the body and the like is improved, and the vibration training appears to be more suitable for people with weak physical function. So far, the theoretical framework in the field of vibration training has not been completely clear, and there are still many controversial points in the academic circles, so it is necessary to make more research on the theoretical supplement and correction. To this end, we study the influence of the vibration training on the muscle strength, the balance function and the walking function of the lower limbs under the condition of sitting posture, with a view to providing guidance and suggestions for the future of the elderly in the training of sitting posture vibration. And provides an empirical reference for the development of the vibration training field. Methods: The elderly were randomly divided into the experimental group (20, 81.1 and 6.6 years) and the control group (16, 84.6 and 5.7 years) in 36 community day-care groups, and the experimental group was subjected to a 12-week sitting position vibration training with the French-born BODYGREEN vertical-law motor, and the vibration scheme was (2 mm,3-9 Hz,5 min/ group,2-4 groups/ time). Intermittent 1 min,3 times/ week), control group did not participate in the vibration training, and kept normal interest. The test index:5 times of sitting test (FTSSST) was selected to evaluate the muscle strength of the lower limbs of the subject; a Win-Pod plantar pressure test and analysis system was used to strengthen the Romberg test to evaluate the balance function of the subject; and a standing-walk timing test (Timed Up and Go Test) was selected. TUGT,10 m walking test (10MWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWD) were used to evaluate the subject's functional mobility, walking speed and walking endurance, respectively. Data analysis was compared between groups and groups using independent sample t-test and paired-sample t-test, respectively. The difference was found to be significant in P0.05, and it was considered that the difference was very significant at the time of P0.01. Results of the study: (1) Muscle strength. After the intervention of the experimental group, the score of the FISST was improved before the intervention, the improvement of the amplitude was 4.17%, the post-intervention test scores of the control group decreased, the decrease was 4.22%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (2) Balance capacity. In the open-eye test of the foot pressure of the Win-Pod, the control group had a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity swing, the peripheral area and the Y-axis offset after the intervention of the experimental group (P0.05). The control group had an improvement in the three indexes, with a decrease of 2.11%, 0.05% and 5.79%, respectively. In the experimental group, the swinging speed of the center of gravity, the swinging speed of the X-axis, the swinging speed of the Y-axis and the offset of the X-axis were lower than that before the intervention, and the control group had different changes in the four indexes. In the closed-eye test, after the intervention of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity and the offset of the Y-axis, and the difference was significant (P0.05). In the control group, there was an increase in the two indexes, and in the remaining 5 indexes, the experimental group had a decrease, and the control group was improved. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the enhanced Romberg test, after the intervention of the experimental group, the amplitude of the control group was 3.74%, the decrease of the control group was 5.77%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (3) The ability of walking. In the functional mobility test (TUGT), the experimental group decreased by 8.43% after the intervention and 3.18% after the intervention of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking speed test (10MWT), the decrease of the test result after the intervention of the experimental group was 1.62%. The improvement of the control group was 1.24%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking endurance test (6MWD), the experimental group and the control group had a certain decrease after the intervention, and the descending amplitude was 0.68% and 2.42%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: The 12-week sitting position vibration training can help to enhance the strength of the lower limb muscles of the old people, and can improve the ability of the old people from sitting to the station to a certain extent. The 12-week sitting posture vibration training can improve the balance ability of the old people to some extent, 12-week sitting position vibration training can help the aged to improve the functional mobility and the walking speed to a certain extent, The improvement effect was not shown on the walking endurance. The high-age old people had better compliance and no adverse reactions during the 12-week sitting posture vibration training. The elderly were able to adapt to the training arrangement in this study.
【學位授予單位】：上海體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G808.1

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