發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-05 16:49

【摘要】：研究目的:從21世紀(jì)初被引起關(guān)注到目前被應(yīng)用于多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練在過(guò)去二十年左右的時(shí)間里得到了廣泛的發(fā)展,該領(lǐng)域?qū)W者普遍認(rèn)為其作為一種簡(jiǎn)便易行的健身手段,能夠被用來(lái)激發(fā)人體潛能、提升機(jī)體功能等,并且認(rèn)為振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練似乎更適合身體功能較弱的人群。但至今為止,振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域的理論框架還未完全厘清,學(xué)術(shù)界尚存諸多爭(zhēng)議點(diǎn),因此需要更多研究進(jìn)行理論補(bǔ)充和修正。為此,本研究以高齡老年人為研究主體,探究坐姿條件下振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練對(duì)其下肢肌肉力量、平衡功能和步行功能的影響,以期為今后老年人參加坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練提供指導(dǎo)和建議,同時(shí)為振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展提供實(shí)證參考。研究方法:36名社區(qū)日托所老年人被隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組(20人,81.1±6.6歲)和對(duì)照組(16人,84.6±5.7歲),實(shí)驗(yàn)組采用法國(guó)產(chǎn)BODYGREEN垂直律動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行為期12周的坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練,振動(dòng)方案為(2mm,3-9Hz,5min/組,2-4組/次,間歇1min,3次/周),對(duì)照組不參與振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練,保持正常作息。測(cè)試指標(biāo):選擇5次坐立試驗(yàn)(Five Times Sit to Stand Test,FTSST)評(píng)價(jià)受試者下肢肌肉力量;采用Win-Pod足底壓力測(cè)試分析系統(tǒng)、強(qiáng)化Romberg測(cè)試評(píng)估受試者靜態(tài)平衡功能;選用起立-行走計(jì)時(shí)測(cè)試(Timed Up and Go Test,TUGT)、10m步行測(cè)試(10m walking test,10MWT)和6min步行測(cè)試(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)分別評(píng)價(jià)受試者功能性移動(dòng)能力、步行速度和步行耐力。數(shù)據(jù)分析分別采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行組間和組內(nèi)比較。P0.05時(shí)認(rèn)為差異有顯著意義,P0.01時(shí)認(rèn)為差異有非常顯著意義。研究結(jié)果:(1)肌肉力量方面。實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后FISST成績(jī)較干預(yù)前有所提高,提高幅度為4.17%,對(duì)照組干預(yù)后測(cè)試成績(jī)較干預(yù)前有所下降,下降幅度為4.22%,兩組前后差異不具有顯著意義。(2)平衡能力方面。在Win-Pod足底壓力睜眼測(cè)試中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后在重心擺動(dòng)軌跡長(zhǎng)、外周面積和Y軸偏移量上有明顯提高,差異具有顯著意義(P0.05),對(duì)照組在這三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中均有提高,下降幅度分別為2.11%、0.05%和5.79%;實(shí)驗(yàn)組在重心擺動(dòng)速度、X軸擺動(dòng)速度、Y軸擺動(dòng)速度和X軸偏移量上與干預(yù)前相比均有下降,對(duì)照組在這四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)上變化各異。閉眼測(cè)試中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后在重心擺動(dòng)軌跡長(zhǎng)和Y軸偏移量上下降明顯,差異具有顯著意義(P0.05),對(duì)照組在這兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中均有提高;在其余5項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組均有下降,對(duì)照組均有提高,兩組前后差異皆無(wú)顯著意義。在強(qiáng)化Romberg測(cè)試上,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后提高幅度3.74%,對(duì)照組下降幅度5.77%,兩組前后差異均不具有顯著意義。(3)步行能力方面。在功能性移動(dòng)能力測(cè)試(TUGT)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后下降8.43%,對(duì)照組干預(yù)后提升3.18%,兩組前后差異不具有顯著意義;步行速度測(cè)試(10MWT)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后測(cè)試成績(jī)下降幅度為1.62%,對(duì)照組提升幅度為1.24%,兩組前后差異同樣不具有顯著意義;步行耐力測(cè)試(6MWD)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組干預(yù)后都有一定下降,下降幅度分別為0.68%和2.42%,且兩組前后差異都不具有顯著意義。結(jié)論1.12周坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練對(duì)增強(qiáng)高齡老年人下肢肌肉力量有一定幫助,能夠在一定程度上提高老年人從坐到站的能力。2.12周坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練可以在一定程度上增強(qiáng)高齡老年人的平衡能力,在重心軌跡偏移和前后方向重心偏移上效果明顯。3.12周坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練可以在一定程度上幫助高齡老年人提高功能性移動(dòng)能力和步行速度,在步行耐力上未表現(xiàn)出提高效果。4.12周坐姿振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練期間高齡老年人依從性較好,無(wú)不良反應(yīng)出現(xiàn),高齡老年人能夠適應(yīng)本研究中的訓(xùn)練安排。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: From the beginning of the 21st century, attention has been paid to the current application in many fields, the vibration training has been widely developed in the past two decades, and it is widely believed that it can be used to stimulate the human potential as a simple and convenient body-building means. The function of the body and the like is improved, and the vibration training appears to be more suitable for people with weak physical function. So far, the theoretical framework in the field of vibration training has not been completely clear, and there are still many controversial points in the academic circles, so it is necessary to make more research on the theoretical supplement and correction. To this end, we study the influence of the vibration training on the muscle strength, the balance function and the walking function of the lower limbs under the condition of sitting posture, with a view to providing guidance and suggestions for the future of the elderly in the training of sitting posture vibration. And provides an empirical reference for the development of the vibration training field. Methods: The elderly were randomly divided into the experimental group (20, 81.1 and 6.6 years) and the control group (16, 84.6 and 5.7 years) in 36 community day-care groups, and the experimental group was subjected to a 12-week sitting position vibration training with the French-born BODYGREEN vertical-law motor, and the vibration scheme was (2 mm,3-9 Hz,5 min/ group,2-4 groups/ time). Intermittent 1 min,3 times/ week), control group did not participate in the vibration training, and kept normal interest. The test index:5 times of sitting test (FTSSST) was selected to evaluate the muscle strength of the lower limbs of the subject; a Win-Pod plantar pressure test and analysis system was used to strengthen the Romberg test to evaluate the balance function of the subject; and a standing-walk timing test (Timed Up and Go Test) was selected. TUGT,10 m walking test (10MWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWD) were used to evaluate the subject's functional mobility, walking speed and walking endurance, respectively. Data analysis was compared between groups and groups using independent sample t-test and paired-sample t-test, respectively. The difference was found to be significant in P0.05, and it was considered that the difference was very significant at the time of P0.01. Results of the study: (1) Muscle strength. After the intervention of the experimental group, the score of the FISST was improved before the intervention, the improvement of the amplitude was 4.17%, the post-intervention test scores of the control group decreased, the decrease was 4.22%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (2) Balance capacity. In the open-eye test of the foot pressure of the Win-Pod, the control group had a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity swing, the peripheral area and the Y-axis offset after the intervention of the experimental group (P0.05). The control group had an improvement in the three indexes, with a decrease of 2.11%, 0.05% and 5.79%, respectively. In the experimental group, the swinging speed of the center of gravity, the swinging speed of the X-axis, the swinging speed of the Y-axis and the offset of the X-axis were lower than that before the intervention, and the control group had different changes in the four indexes. In the closed-eye test, after the intervention of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the length of the center of gravity and the offset of the Y-axis, and the difference was significant (P0.05). In the control group, there was an increase in the two indexes, and in the remaining 5 indexes, the experimental group had a decrease, and the control group was improved. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the enhanced Romberg test, after the intervention of the experimental group, the amplitude of the control group was 3.74%, the decrease of the control group was 5.77%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. (3) The ability of walking. In the functional mobility test (TUGT), the experimental group decreased by 8.43% after the intervention and 3.18% after the intervention of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking speed test (10MWT), the decrease of the test result after the intervention of the experimental group was 1.62%. The improvement of the control group was 1.24%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant; in the walking endurance test (6MWD), the experimental group and the control group had a certain decrease after the intervention, and the descending amplitude was 0.68% and 2.42%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: The 12-week sitting position vibration training can help to enhance the strength of the lower limb muscles of the old people, and can improve the ability of the old people from sitting to the station to a certain extent. The 12-week sitting posture vibration training can improve the balance ability of the old people to some extent, 12-week sitting position vibration training can help the aged to improve the functional mobility and the walking speed to a certain extent, The improvement effect was not shown on the walking endurance. The high-age old people had better compliance and no adverse reactions during the 12-week sitting posture vibration training. The elderly were able to adapt to the training arrangement in this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G808.1

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