【摘要】：該論文旨在探究哈他瑜伽對(duì)中青年女性身體成分和身體自尊的影響,力求從身心兩方面解釋哈他瑜伽的健身效應(yīng),為哈他瑜伽的普及和推廣提供實(shí)證依據(jù)。選取成都市瑪雅瑜伽教練培訓(xùn)學(xué)院的中青年女性會(huì)員零起點(diǎn)練習(xí)者66名為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,讓其參加每周4次,每次60min,為期12周的哈他瑜伽練習(xí),在實(shí)驗(yàn)起始、實(shí)驗(yàn)第六周、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)這三個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)上分別先用身體成分分析儀Vivente Silver進(jìn)行身體成分測(cè)試、然后用徐霞等修訂的《身體自尊量表》進(jìn)行身體自尊測(cè)試,最后使用SPSS軟件對(duì)測(cè)試的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行縱向?qū)Ρ确治觥Ｑ芯拷Y(jié)果表明:一、參與瑜伽練習(xí)的人群多為文化程度相對(duì)較高、收入較高的中青年白領(lǐng)女性。瑜伽習(xí)練習(xí)者的動(dòng)機(jī)排在前三位的分別是:減壓、強(qiáng)身塑形、追求愛(ài)好。二、瑜伽練習(xí)對(duì)中青年女性身體自尊方面:經(jīng)過(guò)6周的瑜伽練習(xí)受試者在身體自我價(jià)值、身體吸引力這兩個(gè)維度上具有非常顯著性差異,而受試者在其他三個(gè)維度的指標(biāo)均未表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異(P0.05)。隨著練習(xí)時(shí)間的深入,經(jīng)過(guò)12周后被試者在身體自尊的各個(gè)維度的P值均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),其中身體吸引力、身體自我價(jià)值感、身體狀況這三個(gè)指標(biāo)具有非常顯著性差異(P0.01),運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、身體素質(zhì)鍛煉前后具有顯著性差異(0.01P0.05)。6周的瑜伽練習(xí)后參與者在主觀體力感覺(jué)上具有顯著性差異(0.01P0.05)。6周參與者與12周后參與者在主觀體力感覺(jué)上未表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異(P0.05)。三、瑜伽練習(xí)對(duì)中青年女性體成分方面:經(jīng)過(guò)為期12周的瑜伽訓(xùn)練對(duì)中青年女性體成分的體重、體脂肪、去脂體重、身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、骨骼肌、腰臀比這六個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行配對(duì)樣本T檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:瑜伽訓(xùn)練前后(P0.05)身體成分各指標(biāo)未表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異。雖然練習(xí)者的體重、體脂肪量、BMI有下降的趨勢(shì),骨骼肌含量有所增加,但幅度不明顯,無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。研究結(jié)論:整體上看,哈他瑜伽練習(xí)對(duì)中青年女性身體自尊的影響大于身體成分的影響,提示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的瑜伽練習(xí)作為培養(yǎng)中青年女性身體自尊發(fā)展、增加對(duì)自我身體的滿意感、提升心理健康水平的一種有效方法,同時(shí)也應(yīng)融入流行的元素和其它運(yùn)動(dòng)形式,以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)哈他瑜伽在習(xí)練強(qiáng)度上的缺陷。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of Hatha Yoga on body composition and self-esteem of young and middle-aged women, and to explain the fitness effect of Hatha Yoga from both physical and mental aspects, so as to provide empirical basis for the popularization and promotion of Hatha Yoga. 66 young and middle-aged female members of Chengdu Maya Yoga Coach training Institute were selected as subjects to take part in the 12-week Hatha yoga practice four times a week, each time for 60 min. at the beginning of the experiment, the sixth week of the experiment, the body composition analyzer Vivente Silver was used to test the body composition at the end of the experiment. Then the physical self-esteem scale revised by Xu Xia et al was used to test the physical self-esteem, and finally the data were compared and analyzed longitudinally by SPSS software. The results show that: first, most of the people who take part in yoga practice are middle-aged and young white-collar women with relatively high educational level and higher income. Yoga practitioners' motivation is in the top three: decompression, body shaping, and the pursuit of hobbies. Second, yoga practice on the body self-esteem of young and middle-aged women: after 6 weeks of yoga practice subjects in the physical self-value, physical attractiveness of the two dimensions have very significant differences, but the subjects in the other three dimensions of the indicators did not show significant differences (P 0.05). With the deepening of practice time, after 12 weeks, the P values of each dimension of physical self-esteem were statistically significant (P 0.05). Among them, there were significant differences in physical attraction, physical self-worth and physical condition (P01), exercise ability, physical attraction, physical self-worth, physical condition, physical fitness, physical fitness and physical fitness. There was significant difference before and after physical quality exercise (0.01P0.05). There was significant difference in subjective physical feeling between participants after 6 weeks of yoga exercise (0.01P0.05). There was no significant difference in subjective physical feeling between participants at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after yoga (P 0.05). 3. Yoga practice on the body composition of young and middle-aged women: after 12 weeks of yoga training, the body weight, body fat, fat-free weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle, waist-hip ratio of the six indexes of body composition of young and middle-aged women were tested by matched sample T test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body composition before and after yoga training (P 0.05). Although the body weight, body fat content and BMI of the practitioners decreased, the skeletal muscle content increased, but the amplitude was not obvious, there was no statistical significance (P 0.05). Conclusion: on the whole, the influence of Hatha yoga practice on physical self-esteem of young and middle-aged women is greater than that of body composition. It is suggested that long-term yoga practice is an effective method to cultivate young and middle-aged women's physical self-esteem, increase their satisfaction with themselves and improve their mental health level. At the same time, it should also be integrated into popular elements and other forms of exercise to make up for the defects of traditional Hatha yoga in practice intensity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G831.3

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