【摘要】：研究目的:妊娠期間女性的身體結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生一系列變化,本研究縱向追蹤測(cè)試第二妊娠期、第三妊娠期和產(chǎn)后三個(gè)時(shí)期女性自然行走時(shí)的步態(tài),從運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)的視角探究妊娠期女性步態(tài)的變化。研究方法:選擇12名身體健康的女性分別在第二妊娠期、第三妊娠期、產(chǎn)后進(jìn)行測(cè)試。運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用Vicon三維運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉系統(tǒng)捕捉,動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)使用Kistler測(cè)力臺(tái)和Novel Emed測(cè)力板采集,所有受試者均采集右側(cè)下肢和足部(優(yōu)勢(shì)側(cè))的數(shù)據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果使用SPSS19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。研究結(jié)果:(1)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué):時(shí)空參數(shù)方面,第三妊娠期,女性步長(zhǎng)縮短(P=0.043vs產(chǎn)后),步速減慢(P=0.039 vs產(chǎn)后),支撐期和雙支撐期所占的步態(tài)百分比增加,步寬變化不明顯;關(guān)節(jié)角度方面,隨著妊娠期的發(fā)展,骨盆前傾明顯,第三妊娠期時(shí),髖關(guān)節(jié)在步態(tài)支撐期的屈曲角度增加,伸展角度減小,內(nèi)收角度增加,踝關(guān)節(jié)在支撐初期內(nèi)翻角度減小。(2)動(dòng)力學(xué):妊娠期的垂直方向的地面反作用力(GRF),第二個(gè)峰值明顯增加;妊娠期的前后方向的地面反作用力(GRF)明顯增加;足底壓力方面,隨著妊娠期的增加,第二第三跖骨區(qū)域壓強(qiáng)逐漸增加,足弓觸地面積增加;妊娠期的足底壓力中心線(COP)前足部分向外偏移;在足跟觸地和全足落地時(shí)段,妊娠期女性身體的穩(wěn)定性較差。結(jié)論與建議:這些結(jié)果顯示妊娠期女性的步態(tài)模式發(fā)生了變化,身體穩(wěn)定性有所下降,因此,妊娠期女性行走過(guò)程中,盡量縮短步長(zhǎng),降低步速;妊娠期骨盆和髖關(guān)節(jié)的關(guān)節(jié)角度變化較大,建議女性在備孕期間注意加強(qiáng)下背部、骨盆肌肉的鍛煉;妊娠期女性足弓的觸地面積較大,因此要選擇足弓支撐功能較好的鞋子。
[Abstract]:Objective: a series of changes occurred in the body structure of women during pregnancy. This study followed up the gait of women walking naturally during the second pregnancy, third pregnancy and postpartum period. To explore the changes of gait in pregnant women from the angle of exercise biomechanics. Methods: 12 healthy women were tested during second pregnancy, third gestation and postpartum. The kinematic data were captured by Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system, and the dynamic data were collected by Kistler dynamometer and Novel Emed dynamometer. All the subjects collected the data of the right lower limbs and feet (dominant side). The experimental results were analyzed by SPSS19.0. Results: (1) Kinematics: in terms of space-time parameters, in the third gestation period, the female step length was shortened (after P=0.043vs), the gait speed was slowed (P < 0.039 vs postpartum), and the percentage of gait in the supporting period and the double support period was increased. There was no obvious change in step width; At the third pregnancy stage, the flexion angle of hip joint in gait support phase increased, the extension angle decreased, and the adduction angle increased, with the development of pregnancy, the pelvic anteversion was obvious, and at the third pregnancy stage, the flexion angle of hip joint increased. The angle of varus of ankle joint decreased at the initial stage of support. (2) Dynamics: the second peak value of ground reaction force (GRF),) increased significantly in the vertical direction during pregnancy; In terms of plantar pressure, the pressure of the second third metatarsal bone increased gradually and the area of foot arch touched the ground increased with the increase of the plantar pressure and the (GRF) of the anterior and posterior directions of pregnancy. The (COP) center line of plantar pressure shifted outward during pregnancy, and the body stability of pregnant women was poor during the period of heel touching and full foot landing. Conclusion & suggestion: these results indicate that gait pattern changes and body stability decreases in pregnant women. Therefore, the step length and gait speed of pregnant women should be shortened as much as possible during pregnancy. The joint angle of pelvis and hip joint changes greatly during pregnancy, it is suggested that women should pay attention to strengthening the lower back and pelvic muscle during pregnancy preparation, and the area of foot arch contact is larger during pregnancy, so it is necessary to choose shoes with better supporting function of foot arch.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.6

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1 李昌鳳;妊娠期女性步態(tài)生物力學(xué)特征的追蹤研究[D];寧波大學(xué);2017年

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