發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-25 18:53

【摘要】：目的:前空翻類動(dòng)作在平衡木比賽中使用頻率最高。通過對(duì)比4個(gè)不同難度前空翻動(dòng)作和不同水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成相同難度動(dòng)作時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)指標(biāo)差異,探討不同難度動(dòng)作在動(dòng)作技術(shù)上的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員的動(dòng)作技術(shù)特點(diǎn),為運(yùn)動(dòng)員學(xué)習(xí)掌握前空翻類高難度動(dòng)作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:對(duì)兩次全國體操錦標(biāo)賽的20個(gè)前空翻類動(dòng)作(9個(gè)A難度,8個(gè)B難度和3個(gè)C難度)和國家隊(duì)訓(xùn)練時(shí)的1個(gè)D難度動(dòng)作進(jìn)行高速三維拍攝。應(yīng)用SIMI進(jìn)行圖像解析,SPSS 21.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成高難度動(dòng)作時(shí),助跑速度較高、起跳水平速度減少值較大、起跳蹬伸時(shí)間較短、起跳角較大(接近垂直90°)、垂直騰空速度較大,但水平騰空速度無差異。頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成較低難度動(dòng)作時(shí)同樣表現(xiàn)出以上運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)特征。結(jié)論:頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成高難度動(dòng)作和低難度動(dòng)作時(shí),均表現(xiàn)出在有限距離內(nèi)獲得更大助跑水平速度的出色加速能力,將助跑積累的水平速度轉(zhuǎn)化為垂直速度的優(yōu)秀速度轉(zhuǎn)化能力,將騰空時(shí)水平速度保持在適當(dāng)范圍的非常精準(zhǔn)的速度控制能力,控制起跳角非常接近垂直角度的良好姿態(tài)控制能力。建議:運(yùn)動(dòng)員在學(xué)習(xí)高難度動(dòng)作前應(yīng)注重發(fā)展下肢力量素質(zhì)以及速度和姿態(tài)控制能力。
[Abstract]:Objective: forward somersault is the most frequently used in balance beam competition. By comparing the differences of kinematics indexes between 4 different difficulty forward somersault movements and different levels of athletes when completing the same difficulty movements, this paper discusses the inherent connection of different difficulty movements in motion techniques and the movement technical characteristics of top athletes, and makes a comparison between the four different difficulty movements and different levels of athletes when they complete the same difficulty movements. It provides a scientific basis for athletes to learn and master the high-difficulty movement of front-air flipping. Methods: high-speed three-dimensional shooting was performed on 20 forward somersault movements (9 A difficulty, 8 B difficulty and 3 C difficulty) in two national gymnastics tournaments and 1 D difficulty movement during national team training. SIMI was used for image analysis and SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: when the athletes completed the difficult movement, the speed of running-up was higher, the value of taking-off horizontal velocity was larger, the time of taking-off pedaling was shorter, the angle of take-off was larger (close to the vertical 90 擄), the vertical take-off velocity was larger, but there was no difference in the horizontal take-off velocity. The top athletes also show the above-mentioned kinematics characteristics when they complete the lower difficulty movements. Conclusion: when the top athletes complete the high-difficulty and low-difficulty movements, they both show the excellent acceleration ability to achieve a greater level of running-up speed within a limited distance. Convert the accumulated horizontal speed of the run-up into the excellent speed conversion capability of the vertical velocity, and maintain a very precise speed control capability in the right range for the horizontal velocity of the flight-time. Good attitude control ability to control takeoff angle very close to vertical angle. It is suggested that athletes should pay attention to the development of lower limb strength and speed and attitude control before learning difficult movements.
【作者單位】： 寧波大學(xué)大健康研究院體育學(xué)院;國家體育總局體育科學(xué)研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(11672080) 國家體育總局體育科學(xué)研究所基本業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)課題(基本17-01)
【分類號(hào)】：G832.7

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