發(fā)布時間：2019-02-15 09:22

【摘要】：400m欄這項運動起源于英國,興起于歐洲,發(fā)展于美國,在1900年正式被確定為現(xiàn)代奧運會的比賽項目。經(jīng)過數(shù)百年的發(fā)展,這項運動取得了飛速的突破。在所有田徑項目中400m欄是技術(shù)難度最大的項目之一,跨欄過程中,流暢的節(jié)奏是最能體現(xiàn)良好技術(shù)的標志,也是提高該項目成績的關(guān)鍵。最近幾年,國內(nèi)400m欄的成績提升迅速,但和世界優(yōu)秀選手相比還有著一定程度上的差距。目前,學者們通過不同的角度的分析,對這項運動展開了多方面的研究,為這項運動的發(fā)展提供了科學的理論依據(jù)。通過學術(shù)界已有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),要想在400米欄中獲得優(yōu)異成績,比賽全程速度變化分配模式至關(guān)重要。事實上,400m欄是一個不斷變化和組合的動態(tài)過程,在400m欄跑速度體系中,選手不斷改變和組合的步形在很大程度上影響著最后成績,因此,對400m跑全過程速度改變規(guī)律的進行把握和探尋,對這個項目運動成效的提高有著不可小覷的影響。本文中,作者主要運用了邏輯和對比解析法、數(shù)學理論統(tǒng)計法、錄像分析和文獻資料法,參考有關(guān)中外優(yōu)秀400m欄選手全路程速度改變,并對其展開解析與探究,試圖給我國男子400m欄全體水平的提升提供理論和實踐基礎。研究結(jié)果顯示:我國男子運動員在前程過早的加速,而導致后程速度下降過快,進而影響整體水平發(fā)揮;在全程速度變化方面,我國運動員缺乏對速度的掌控能力;在400m欄全程速度變化上忽快忽慢,速度保持極不穩(wěn)定,維持步頻的能力較低;在全程欄間步數(shù)上,由于降低欄間步數(shù)的同時步頻也在相對應的降低,加大對體能的消耗,因此我國運動員不能盲目的追求減少欄間步數(shù);程文作為我國的優(yōu)秀選手,他在平跑、速度控制和速度保持上與世界優(yōu)秀運動員仍存在較大差距,具體表現(xiàn)在欄間體能的分配、欄間節(jié)奏的把控等方面。
[Abstract]:The 400m hurdles, which originated in Britain, emerged in Europe and developed in the United States, was officially designated as a modern Olympic event in 1900. After hundreds of years of development, this sport has made a rapid breakthrough. In all track and field events, 400m hurdle is one of the most difficult events. In the process of hurdle, smooth rhythm is the symbol of good technique and the key to improve the result of the event. In recent years, the performance of 400m column in China has improved rapidly, but there is still a certain gap compared with the world's elite players. At present, through the analysis of different angles, scholars have carried out a variety of research on this sport, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the sport. In order to achieve excellent results in 400m hurdles, it is very important to change the distribution mode of race speed. In fact, the 400m hurdle is a dynamic process of continuous change and combination. In the 400m hurdle speed system, the changing and combined steps of the runners largely affect the final result, so, To grasp and explore the law of speed change in the whole process of 400m running has a great influence on the improvement of the sports effect of this project. In this paper, the author mainly uses the methods of logic and contrast analysis, mathematical theory statistics, video analysis and literature, referring to the change of the whole race speed of the outstanding 400m hurdlers in China and foreign countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the promotion of the men's 400 m column in our country. The results show that: the premature acceleration of Chinese male athletes in the future, which leads to the decline of the late speed too fast, and then affects the overall level of play, in the whole process of speed changes, Chinese athletes lack the ability to control the speed; In the 400m hurdle, the speed fluctuates rapidly and slowly, the speed remains extremely unstable, and the ability to maintain the step frequency is low. In the whole course of the inter-hurdle step, due to the reduction of the inter-hurdle step number at the same time the frequency of the corresponding reduction, increase the consumption of physical fitness, so our athletes can not blindly pursue to reduce the number of inter-hurdle steps; As an excellent contestant of our country, Cheng Wen still has a big gap with the world's elite athletes in level running, speed control and speed keeping, which is manifested in the distribution of physical ability between hurdles and the control of rhythm between hurdles, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G822.6

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1 鄭東方;中外優(yōu)秀男子400m欄運動員全程速度變化比較研究[D];山東師范大學;2017年

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本文編號：2423187