【摘要】：摔跤作為自古奧運(yùn)會(huì)便存在的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,結(jié)合了力與美的特征,但從近兩年摔跤整體世界格局來(lái)看,摔跤項(xiàng)目出現(xiàn)了日暮西山的感覺(jué)。這種現(xiàn)象的導(dǎo)致自然有其誘因,而其中重要的因素之一便是運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷。在高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練比賽中,隊(duì)員需要完成諸多對(duì)身體的控制,如轉(zhuǎn)身、抱摔、扭轉(zhuǎn)等復(fù)雜多變的高難度動(dòng)作,在如此繁復(fù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)中,行動(dòng)力以及人體本身的結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷等因素的不協(xié)調(diào),造成了機(jī)體的損傷。運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員成績(jī)的影響是多方面的:首先,會(huì)打破機(jī)體運(yùn)動(dòng)器官之間的平衡性;其次,造成教練員在訓(xùn)練安排上的困惑;然而更有甚者會(huì)給運(yùn)動(dòng)員造成沉重的心理負(fù)擔(dān),這方方面面的影響,無(wú)不是運(yùn)動(dòng)員前進(jìn)中的阻礙且影響深遠(yuǎn)。本文以山東省省隊(duì)以及山東省地方隊(duì)自由式摔跤優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等方法,對(duì)自由式摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果了解損傷現(xiàn)狀和損傷發(fā)生發(fā)展的過(guò)程,以指導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在有效提高成績(jī)的同時(shí)了解損傷、預(yù)防損傷,延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯。本次研究結(jié)論如下:1、我省自由式摔跤高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷狀況嚴(yán)重,受傷率達(dá)100%,人均受傷3.23次。大部分運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷后可以參加正常訓(xùn)練(74.54%)。2、在運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷病程上以慢性損傷為主,占總損傷的61.23%,急性損傷為輔,占38.37%。易損傷部位主要集中在膝關(guān)節(jié)、頭面部、腰部、踝部、肘部、肩部等部位。3、自由式摔跤高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員急性損傷在損傷階段分布上,主要集中于專(zhuān)項(xiàng)技術(shù)階段(54.81%)和身體訓(xùn)練階段(30.77%),比賽階段(8.65%)、其他階段(4.81%)和準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)及放松階段(0.96%)則相對(duì)較少。6、自由式摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員的損傷原因主要分為潛在原因和直接原因。潛在原因?yàn)樽杂墒剿拥捻?xiàng)目特點(diǎn)和自由式摔跤規(guī)則的改變;直接原因主要有以下幾點(diǎn):身體素質(zhì)差、注意力不集中、局部負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重、帶傷參加訓(xùn)練比賽、身體疲勞、受傷后治療不及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)不合理、帶著情緒參加訓(xùn)練比賽。針對(duì)以上狀況提出對(duì)策如下:1、普及運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷知識(shí),提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員預(yù)防傷病的意識(shí)和能力。2、加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)性訓(xùn)練,使運(yùn)動(dòng)員具備專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)有的身體素質(zhì),調(diào)整身體,使之處于良好的機(jī)能狀態(tài)。3、遵循循序漸進(jìn)、系統(tǒng)化、個(gè)別對(duì)待的訓(xùn)練原則,制定科學(xué)、合理、系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃,減少因訓(xùn)練課程安排不當(dāng)所造成的損傷。4、加強(qiáng)醫(yī)務(wù)監(jiān)督工作,定期對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行體格檢查。教練員、醫(yī)務(wù)工作者必須密切配合,對(duì)傷病患者提出行之有效的治療方案和恢復(fù)手段。此外,加強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的自我監(jiān)督意識(shí),做到早匯報(bào)、早治療、早預(yù)防。5、教練員應(yīng)關(guān)注運(yùn)動(dòng)員的心理健康,積極與運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行溝通,汲取反饋信息,相應(yīng)調(diào)整訓(xùn)練安排和計(jì)劃,使訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容動(dòng)態(tài)化,防止枯燥。6、教練員應(yīng)在訓(xùn)練之余,關(guān)注解剖學(xué)、心理學(xué)等相關(guān)知識(shí),以科學(xué)武裝自己,并實(shí)施與訓(xùn)練之中,探索行之有效的訓(xùn)練方法和措施。
[Abstract]:Wrestling, as a sport that has existed since the ancient Olympic Games, combines the characteristics of force and beauty, but from the overall world pattern of wrestling in the past two years, wrestling events appear the feeling of sunset. The cause of this phenomenon has its own inducement, and one of the important factors is sports injury. In the training competition of high-level athletes, the players need to complete a lot of physical control, such as turning around, hugging and falling, twisting and so on. In such complicated and complicated sports, The disharmony of the action force and the structure defect of the human body caused the damage of the body. The influence of sports injury on athletes' performance is various: firstly, it will break the balance between the body's sports organs, secondly, it will cause the coaches' confusion in the training arrangement. However, there is even a heavy psychological burden on athletes, all of which are obstacles in the progress of athletes and far-reaching impact. This paper takes the excellent freestyle wrestlers of Shandong Province and local teams of Shandong Province as the research object, and makes an investigation and research on the sports injury of freestyle wrestlers by means of questionnaire, mathematical statistics and other methods. Through the statistical results to understand the current situation and the process of injury development in order to guide athletes to effectively improve their performance at the same time to understand injuries prevent injuries and prolong athletes' sports career. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The injury rate of freestyle wrestlers in our province is 100 and 3.23 times per capita. Most athletes can take part in normal training after injury (74.54%). 2. Chronic injury accounts for 61.23% of total injury, and acute injury is secondary (38.37%). The vulnerable sites are mainly in the knee joint, head and face, waist, ankle, elbow, shoulder and so on. It was mainly concentrated in the special technical stage (54.81%) and physical training stage (30.77%), the competition stage (8.65%), the other stage (4.81%) and the preparation and relaxation stage (0.96%). The injury causes of freestyle wrestlers are mainly divided into potential causes and direct causes. The potential causes are the characteristics of freestyle wrestling and the change of the rules of freestyle wrestling. The direct reasons are as follows: poor physical fitness, inattention, excessive local burden, injury to participate in the training competition, physical fatigue, after the injury treatment is not timely, the preparation activities are unreasonable, with emotion to participate in the training competition. The countermeasures are as follows: 1. Popularize sports injury knowledge, improve athletes' consciousness and ability to prevent injury. 2. Strengthen basic training, make athletes have the physical quality due to special training, adjust body, Make it in a good functional condition. 3. Follow the training principles of gradual, systematic and individual treatment, formulate scientific, reasonable and systematic training plans, and reduce the damage caused by improper arrangement of training courses. Strengthen the work of medical supervision, regular physical examination of athletes. Coaches and medical workers must cooperate closely to put forward effective treatment and recovery methods for the injured patients. In addition, to strengthen athletes' self-supervision consciousness, to make early report, early treatment and early prevention. 5. Coaches should pay attention to athletes' mental health, actively communicate with athletes, draw feedback information, and adjust training arrangements and plans accordingly. 6. Besides training, coaches should pay attention to the relevant knowledge of anatomy and psychology, arm themselves with science, implement and train, and explore effective training methods and measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G886.2;R873

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