【摘要】：排球扣球在比賽中占有非常重要的地位,是得分的主要手段。扣球的成敗,可以影響比賽的士氣,是爭取比賽勝利的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。空中擊球是完成扣球中最關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)之一,因此,有必要對其進(jìn)行深入的研究。本研究采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、測試法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等方法,以體育專業(yè)類高校6名排球主攻手作為測試對象,以其空中擊球動作為研究對象,運(yùn)用高速攝影和表面肌電測量的方法準(zhǔn)確獲取強(qiáng)攻扣球時空中擊球階段,各時間、各空間的運(yùn)動學(xué)和表面肌電特征,從而揭示空中擊球動作的基本規(guī)律和特點(diǎn),有助于了解運(yùn)動員空中擊球階段的用力特點(diǎn),及各階段肌肉的表面肌電特征,為今后排球扣球的教學(xué)和訓(xùn)練提供理論參考依據(jù)。研究結(jié)論表明:1.在空中擊球階段,受試者右側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)伸展的幅度明顯大于左側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié);而在引臂階段,左、右側(cè)髖關(guān)節(jié)后伸的幅度相差不大;揮臂階段,右側(cè)髖關(guān)節(jié)幅度有所增加。2.擊球時刻的右側(cè)肩、肘關(guān)節(jié)角位移與掌指關(guān)節(jié)中心速度存在相關(guān)關(guān)系;受試者在擊球時刻右肩關(guān)節(jié)角度伸展不夠充分,右肘關(guān)節(jié)角度沒有達(dá)到理論值。3.揮臂擊球階段的完成時間要短于引臂階段的時間。揮臂階段時間和總時間越短,掌指關(guān)節(jié)中心速度越大,揮臂扣球速度越快。4.揮臂擊球時刻,身體重心高度與掌指關(guān)節(jié)中心速度存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系;引臂最大時刻和擊球時刻,身體重心的合速度與掌指關(guān)節(jié)中心的速度之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系。5.引臂階段,三角肌前束、肱二頭肌、豎脊肌和斜方肌的貢獻(xiàn)率較大;橈側(cè)腕伸肌、腹外斜肌、肱三頭肌和橈側(cè)腕屈肌的貢獻(xiàn)率較小。揮臂階段,三角肌前束、三角肌后束、肱三頭肌的肌肉貢獻(xiàn)率較大;胸大肌、腹外斜肌、斜方肌、豎脊肌和橈側(cè)腕屈肌的貢獻(xiàn)率較小。6.三角肌前束在整個空中擊球階段的放電強(qiáng)度最大,腹外斜肌、橈側(cè)腕屈肌則放電強(qiáng)度最弱。根據(jù)結(jié)論所給出的建議:1.建議運(yùn)動員多加強(qiáng)上下肢的協(xié)調(diào)配合練習(xí),通過膝關(guān)節(jié)的共同伸展來增強(qiáng)能量的依次傳遞。通過增加彈跳力的訓(xùn)練方法來提高擊球點(diǎn)的高度;注意加強(qiáng)揮臂擊球動作練習(xí)的合理性,通過增加扣球時肩、肘關(guān)節(jié)的角度,產(chǎn)生更佳的擊球效果。2.建議運(yùn)動員加強(qiáng)手臂快速擊球的專項(xiàng)能力訓(xùn)練,從而縮短揮臂階段時間和空中擊球階段總時間,提高扣球的質(zhì)量。3.建議采用較為先進(jìn)的體能訓(xùn)練方法,有針對性地增加三角肌前束、肱二頭肌、三角肌后束和腹直肌等貢獻(xiàn)率較大的肌肉的訓(xùn)練,增強(qiáng)這些肌肉參與扣球的能力。4.建議在今后的研究中要豐富研究方法,如增加動力學(xué)等方面的研究。同時,還建議根據(jù)受試者的運(yùn)動等級、身高和體重來分組對比研究,從而更加深入地分析運(yùn)動等級、身高和體重等因素對排球運(yùn)動員4號位強(qiáng)攻扣球空中擊球動作運(yùn)動生物力學(xué)特征的影響。
[Abstract]:Volleyball spikes play a very important role in the game and are the main means of scoring. The success or failure of spiking can affect the morale of the game, is the key to win the game. Air shot is one of the most important links to finish the spike, so it is necessary to study it deeply. This research adopts the methods of literature, expert interview, test, mathematical statistics and so on, taking 6 volleyball main attackers of physical education specialty as the test object, and taking the air batting action as the research object. Using the methods of high speed photography and surface electromyography measurement, the kinematics and surface electromyography characteristics of the hitting stage, time and space in the time and space of strong attack and spiking are accurately obtained, thus revealing the basic laws and characteristics of the air batting action. It is helpful to understand the characteristics of force in air batting stage and the surface electromyography of muscles in each stage, and to provide a theoretical reference for the teaching and training of volleyball spiking in the future. The results show that: 1. In the stage of hitting in the air, the extension amplitude of the right knee joint is obviously larger than that of the left knee joint, while in the leading arm stage, the amplitude of the left and right hip extension is not different, and the amplitude of the right hip joint increases in the arm swing stage. 2. The angle displacement of the right shoulder and elbow joint is correlated with the central velocity of metacarpophalangeal joint, and the angle of the right shoulder joint is not sufficiently extended, and the angle of the right elbow joint does not reach the theoretical value. The completion time of the swing stroke stage is shorter than that of the leading arm stage. The shorter the time and total time of arm swing, the greater the center speed of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the faster the spike speed of the arm. 4. There is a positive correlation between the height of the center of gravity and the velocity of the center of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and between the closing speed of the body center of gravity and the velocity of the center of the metacarpophalangeal joint at the maximum moment of leading arm and the time of hitting. 5. The contribution rate of deltoid anterior bundle, biceps brachii muscle, vertical spinal muscle and trapezius muscle was larger than that of radial wrist extensor muscle, ventral oblique muscle, triceps brachii muscle and flexor Carpi radialis muscle. In arm swing stage, the muscle contribution rate of deltoid muscle anterior bundle, deltoid muscle posterior bundle, triceps brachii muscle was larger, and the contribution rate of pectoralis major muscle, ventral oblique muscle, trapezius muscle, vertical spinal muscle and flexor Carpi radialis muscle was small. 6. The discharge intensity of the anterior bundle of deltoid muscle was the largest in the whole air hitting stage, the intensity of the ventral oblique muscle and the flexor Carpi radialis muscle was the weakest. According to the conclusion of the recommendations: 1. It is suggested that athletes should strengthen coordination exercises of upper and lower limbs and enhance energy transmission through joint extension of knee joint. To improve the height of the batting point by increasing the spring force training method, to pay attention to strengthening the reasonableness of the swing stroke action practice, by increasing the angle of the shoulder and the elbow joint when spiking the ball, to produce a better batting effect. 2. It is suggested that the athletes should strengthen the special ability training of arm fast batting, so as to shorten the time of arm swing stage and the total time of air batting stage, and improve the quality of spiking. It is suggested that more advanced physical training methods should be adopted to increase the training of muscle with higher contribution rate, such as the anterior bundle of deltoid muscle, biceps brachii muscle, posterior bundle of deltoid muscle and rectus abdominis muscle, so as to enhance the ability of these muscles to participate in spiking. 4. It is suggested that the research methods, such as increasing kinetics, should be enriched in the future research. At the same time, it is suggested that the subjects should be grouped and compared according to their motor grade, height and weight, so as to analyze the sports grade more deeply. The effects of height and weight on the biomechanical characteristics of volleyballers in position 4 attack and spiking in the air.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G842

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本文編號：2395907