【摘要】：自從我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員馬燕紅在第20屆世錦賽上奪得高低杠世界冠軍之后,我國(guó)高低杠就開始進(jìn)入優(yōu)勢(shì)項(xiàng)目行列中。競(jìng)賽成績(jī)的不斷提高,中國(guó)高低杠項(xiàng)目逐漸成為世界公認(rèn)的強(qiáng)項(xiàng),擁有了一系列以我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員名字命名的高低杠動(dòng)作,為世界體操高低杠的發(fā)展做出了偉大的貢獻(xiàn)。但是在里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)上中國(guó)體操隊(duì)沒有一塊金牌,作為占領(lǐng)我國(guó)競(jìng)技體操事業(yè)舉足輕重的地位高低杠項(xiàng)目成績(jī)也不理想。因此如何更好地開展女子高低杠項(xiàng)目是所面臨的一個(gè)重要課題。中國(guó)體操在東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)必須打響翻身仗,在國(guó)際潮流中弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)體操事業(yè)精神。本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、觀察法等研究方法探索世界女子高低杠動(dòng)作編排評(píng)分規(guī)則的演變特征,分析世界女子高低杠編排評(píng)分規(guī)則的改變對(duì)其動(dòng)作編排的影響。運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、觀察法、比較分析法分別選取2016年全國(guó)體操錦標(biāo)賽、里約奧運(yùn)周期的世錦賽和奧運(yùn)會(huì)體操高低杠單項(xiàng)決賽選手動(dòng)作為觀察統(tǒng)計(jì)對(duì)象,對(duì)40個(gè)奧運(yùn)周期成套動(dòng)作的上法、下法、換杠動(dòng)作、杠中動(dòng)作的數(shù)量進(jìn)行了全面、深入的對(duì)比分析。結(jié)合新周期女子高低杠新規(guī)則對(duì)世界女子高低杠動(dòng)作編排特征進(jìn)行研究,找出當(dāng)代高低杠成套動(dòng)作編排的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),讓我國(guó)教練員能夠全面了解新規(guī)則,為新周期我國(guó)女子體操高低杠成套動(dòng)作的編排提供參考依據(jù),同時(shí)更有針對(duì)性的培養(yǎng)后備人才。解讀新舊周期競(jìng)技體操高低杠項(xiàng)目規(guī)則,結(jié)合里約周期大賽視頻分析,通過研究分析結(jié)果表明:1.編排要求動(dòng)作類型越來越多樣化,直接連接的數(shù)量成為優(yōu)秀成套編排的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一,同時(shí)規(guī)則鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展大幅度的動(dòng)作是難度表里難度動(dòng)作修改的主要特點(diǎn)。2.D分(難度分)與E分(完成分)是互相牽制和制約的,必須要共同發(fā)展才是取勝的關(guān)鍵,要對(duì)難度動(dòng)作的技術(shù)要求趨于精細(xì)化,因?yàn)槠渲匾员仨氁揽縿?chuàng)造的價(jià)值來體現(xiàn)。3.成套動(dòng)作的編排趨向于高難動(dòng)作直接相連,必須將難度動(dòng)作串連起來,這才符合規(guī)則的要求。4.換杠動(dòng)作的難度和數(shù)量將成為衡量高低杠技術(shù)水平的重要標(biāo)志之一,成套動(dòng)作的編排更加豐富、新穎,提高連接加分將是未來低杠技術(shù)開發(fā)和編排新趨。5.近杠回環(huán)的使用數(shù)量增加,近杠回環(huán)這一類型的整體技術(shù)得到大力發(fā)展
[Abstract]:Since Ma Yanhong, a Chinese athlete, won the World Championship on uneven bars in the 20th World Championship, China's uneven bars have entered the ranks of superior events. With the continuous improvement of competition results, the Chinese uneven bars project has gradually become a recognized strong point in the world, with a series of uneven bar movements named after Chinese athletes, which has made great contributions to the development of the world gymnastics uneven bars. However, the Chinese gymnastics team did not have a gold medal in the Rio Olympics. Therefore, how to better carry out the women uneven bars project is an important subject. Chinese gymnastics in Tokyo Olympic Games must start the battle to carry forward the spirit of Chinese gymnastics in the international trend. In this paper, the methods of literature, investigation and observation are used to explore the evolvement characteristics of the women's uneven bars in the world, and to analyze the influence of the changes of the women's uneven bars' grading rules on the performance of the women's uneven bars in the world. By means of mathematical statistics, observation and comparative analysis, the participants in the 2016 National Gymnastics Championships, the World Championships in the Rio Olympic Games and the Olympic gymnastic uneven bars single finalists were chosen as the observation and statistics objects, respectively. This paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth comparative analysis of the number of actions in 40 Olympic cycle complete sets of actions, including upper, lower, change bars and bars. Combining with the new rules of women uneven bars in the new cycle, this paper studies the characteristics of the arrangement of women's uneven bars in the world, and finds out the development situation of the complete set of uneven bars in contemporary times, so that our coaches can fully understand the new rules. It provides a reference for the arrangement of the parallel bars in the women's gymnastics in China in the new cycle, and trains the reserve talents more pertinently at the same time. Interpretation of the new and old cycle gymnastics uneven bar project rules, combined with the video analysis of the Rio cycle contest, through research and analysis results show: 1. Choreography requires more and more diverse types of actions, and the number of direct connections becomes one of the criteria for evaluating excellent sets of choreography. At the same time, the rules to encourage the development of large-scale movements are the main characteristics of difficulty movement modification in the difficulty table. 2.D (difficulty score) and E (completion score) are mutual constraints and constraints, and must be developed together is the key to win. The technical requirements for difficult movements tend to be refined, because their importance must be reflected by the value of creation. 3. 3. The arrangement of the complete set of movements tends to be directly linked to the most difficult movements, and must be connected in series to meet the requirements of the rules. 4. The difficulty and quantity of changing bars will become one of the important symbols to measure the technical level of uneven bars. The arrangement of complete sets of actions will be richer and more novel. Increasing the connecting bonus will be the new trend of low bar technology development and arrangement in the future. With the increase in the number of use of the near-bar loop, the overall technology of the near-bar loop has been greatly developed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G832.5

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