【摘要】：后激活增強效應(yīng)(postactivation potentiation)指一次性最大或者次最大力量負(fù)荷后爆發(fā)性運動表現(xiàn)提高的一種現(xiàn)象。研究目的:探尋不同相對力量水平的運動員后激活增強效應(yīng)的差異,進一步分析肌肉力量在后激活效應(yīng)中的作用。研究意義:研究結(jié)論有助于將PAP效應(yīng)更好的應(yīng)用到實際訓(xùn)練和比賽中,來提高運動表現(xiàn)和訓(xùn)練效果,為運動項目賽前熱身活動以及爆發(fā)力訓(xùn)練的傳統(tǒng)安排提供理論及實踐意義。研究方法:以北京體育大學(xué)競技體校36名不同相對力量水平的摔跤運動員(年齡18.1±2、身高176.1±6.5、體脂16.5±5.2)為測試對象,以80%1RM*5的深蹲作為后激活效應(yīng)的誘導(dǎo)負(fù)荷。啟動Mega Win程序?qū)ι窠?jīng)肌肉特征進行觀察;采用smart speed對30米運動表現(xiàn)進行測試;對后激活前后跳遠成績進行測量。研究結(jié)果:(1)PAP誘導(dǎo)后,相對力量與臀大肌、股直肌、股內(nèi)側(cè)肌、脛骨前肌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化積分肌電相關(guān)性非常顯著(P0.01);相對力量與股二頭肌和腓腸肌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化積分肌電相關(guān)性顯著(P0.05);相對力量與股外側(cè)肌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化積分肌電相關(guān)性不顯著(P0.05)。(2)PAP誘導(dǎo)后,相對力量與臀大肌、股外側(cè)肌、腓腸肌的均方根振幅相關(guān)性非常顯著(P0.01),相對力量與股二頭肌和股內(nèi)側(cè)肌的均方根振幅相關(guān)性顯著(P0.05),相對力量與股直肌和脛骨前肌的均方根振幅相關(guān)性不顯著(P0.05)。(3)相對力量在PAP誘導(dǎo)后對跳遠成績具有顯著影響(P0.05)。(4)相對力量在PAP誘導(dǎo)后對30米成績具有非常顯著影響(P0.01)。結(jié)論:1、不同相對力量運動員后激活增強效應(yīng)不同。2、后激活增強效應(yīng)有隨著相對力量的增加而逐漸增加的趨勢。3、相對力量大于1.75時可以誘導(dǎo)出較強的后激活增強現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Post-Activation Enhancement effect (postactivation potentiation) is a phenomenon in which the explosive motion performance increases after a single maximum or sub-maximum force load. Objective: to explore the difference of post-activation enhancement effect in athletes with different relative strength levels and to further analyze the role of muscle strength in post-activation effect. Research significance: the research conclusion is helpful to apply the PAP effect to the actual training and competition, to improve the performance and training effect, and to provide theoretical and practical significance for the traditional arrangement of pre-match warm-up activities and explosive force training in sports events. Methods: 36 wrestlers with different relative strength levels (age 18.1 鹵2, height 176.1 鹵6.5, body fat 16.5 鹵5.2) were used as subjects. Crouching of 80%1RM*5 was used as the induced load of post-activation effect. Start the Mega Win program to observe the neuromuscular characteristics; use smart speed to test the performance of 30 meters; measure the long jump performance before and after activation. The results showed that: (1) after PAP induction, there was a significant correlation between the relative strength and the standardized integral electromyography of gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, medial femoral muscle and anterior tibial muscle (P0.01); There was significant correlation between relative strength and standardized integral myography of biceps femoris and gastrocnemius (P0.05). There was no significant correlation between relative strength and the standardized integral electromyography of lateral femoral muscle (P0.05). (2). After PAP induction, the correlation between relative strength and root-mean-square amplitude of gluteus maximus muscle, lateral femoral muscle and gastrocnemius muscle was very significant (P0.01). There was a significant correlation between relative strength and root-mean-square amplitude of biceps femoris and medial femoral muscles (P0.05). There was no significant correlation between relative strength and root mean square amplitude of rectus femoris and anterior tibial muscle (P0.05). (3). Relative strength had significant effect on long jump performance after PAP induction (P0.05). (4). There is a significant effect on the 30 m result after the guide (P0.01). Conclusion: 1, the post-activation enhancement effect of athletes with different relative strength is different, and the post-activation enhancement effect has the tendency of increasing gradually with the increase of relative strength. When the relative force is greater than 1.75, a strong post-activation enhancement can be induced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G886.2

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