發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-16 15:00

【摘要】：馬拉松是一種極具社會(huì)性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性?xún)r(jià)值的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,當(dāng)前馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)開(kāi)展火熱,越來(lái)越多的人投身馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)中。女子馬拉松是我國(guó)的潛優(yōu)勢(shì)項(xiàng)目,在國(guó)際性比賽競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈發(fā)激烈的情況下,我國(guó)女子在該項(xiàng)目上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力卻在逐漸下降,當(dāng)前幾乎沒(méi)有人能夠突破2:20:00這一成績(jī),而且有許多優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中并不能夠發(fā)揮出自身的真實(shí)水平。賽前訓(xùn)練階段是直接影響高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員能否在比賽中達(dá)到最佳比賽狀態(tài)的重要階段,但是對(duì)優(yōu)秀馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員賽前訓(xùn)練的研究甚少,如何在賽前階段進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的訓(xùn)練安排成為了困擾科研人員和教練員的一大難題。理論來(lái)源于實(shí)踐,我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)訓(xùn)練理論的升華有很大幫助,特別是優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功案例。本研究嘗試通過(guò)收集并整理優(yōu)秀馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員的賽前訓(xùn)練資料和近幾年我國(guó)優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員成功的賽前備戰(zhàn)案例,采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、個(gè)案分析法,對(duì)我國(guó)5名優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員成功的賽前訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃進(jìn)行研究,分別從賽前的階段劃分、訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容、方法、手段和負(fù)荷安排5個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析,探究我國(guó)優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員的賽前訓(xùn)練安排特征,并試圖從中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些規(guī)律,為我國(guó)女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員備戰(zhàn)大賽提供一定的參考,促進(jìn)馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展。根據(jù)研究得出的結(jié)論如下:1.我國(guó)優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員在賽前訓(xùn)練階段的時(shí)間安排上,以70-80天的總時(shí)長(zhǎng)為佳,并可根據(jù)賽前的訓(xùn)練目的和任務(wù)將賽前訓(xùn)練階段進(jìn)一步劃分為賽前適應(yīng)強(qiáng)化期、強(qiáng)化期、調(diào)整期3個(gè)小階段,采用平原-高原-平原的賽前訓(xùn)練模式。2.賽前訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容具有系統(tǒng)性和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)性,在整個(gè)賽前訓(xùn)練階段均沒(méi)有太大的變化,有氧訓(xùn)練貫穿整個(gè)階段,無(wú)氧訓(xùn)練和交叉訓(xùn)練也是提高賽前訓(xùn)練效果的必要元素。3.我國(guó)優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員在賽前普遍運(yùn)用持續(xù)訓(xùn)練法、間歇訓(xùn)練法和組合訓(xùn)練法,該三種方法也基本貫穿整個(gè)賽前訓(xùn)練階段,其中大部分運(yùn)動(dòng)員以間歇訓(xùn)練法為主。4.賽前訓(xùn)練的手段具有連續(xù)性,常用的訓(xùn)練手段有1000-5000米跑、20-30公里跑,同時(shí)也會(huì)采用一些其他的常用訓(xùn)練手段,使訓(xùn)練手段較為多樣。5.我國(guó)優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員在賽前訓(xùn)練階段主要是采用小負(fù)荷量多次數(shù)的訓(xùn)練方式來(lái)維持一定負(fù)荷量,以中小負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度為主,適當(dāng)搭配大強(qiáng)度,并呈現(xiàn)出在有氧代謝的范圍內(nèi),提高負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練比例的趨勢(shì),延長(zhǎng)維持高速跑的時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:Marathon is a kind of sport with social and economic value. At present, more and more people are engaged in marathon. The women's marathon is our country's latent advantage event, in the international competition increasingly fierce situation, our country woman's competition ability on this item actually is gradually declining, at present few people can break the 2:20:00 this one result, And there are many excellent women marathonists in the race can not play their true level. The stage of pre-competition training is an important stage that directly affects whether high level athletes can reach the best state of competition in the competition, but the research on pre-competition training of excellent marathon athletes is very few. How to carry on scientific and reasonable training arrangement in the pre-competition stage has become a big problem that puzzles the scientific research personnel and the coach. The theory comes from practice, and the training experience of the outstanding athletes in our country is of great help to the sublimation of the training theory, especially the successful cases of the outstanding athletes. This study attempts to collect and collate the pre-competition training data of excellent marathon runners and the successful pre-competition preparation cases of elite women marathon runners in China in recent years, and adopt the methods of literature, investigation, observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper studies the successful pre-competition training plan of five elite female marathon runners in China, and analyzes the five aspects of the pre-competition stage, training content, method, means and load arrangement, respectively. This paper probes into the characteristics of pre-competition training arrangement of elite female marathon runners in China, and tries to find out some rules from it, which can provide some references for Chinese women marathon runners to prepare for the competition and promote the development of marathon training. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The total time of 70-80 days is the best for Chinese elite women marathon runners in the pre-competition training stage, and the pre-competition training stage can be further divided into pre-competition adaptation strengthening period according to the purpose and task of pre-competition training. Adjustment period of 3 small stages, using the Plain-plateau-Plain pre-competition training model. 2. The content of pre-competition training is systematic and special, and there is no great change in the whole pre-competition training stage. Aerobic training runs through the whole stage. Anaerobic training and cross-training are also necessary elements to improve the effect of pre-competition training. 3. Chinese elite women marathon athletes generally use continuous training method, intermittent training method and combination training method before the competition. These three methods also basically run through the whole pre-competition training stage, and most of them mainly use intermittent training method. The means of pre-competition training have continuity, the commonly used training means are 1000-5000 meters running, 20-30 kilometers running, at the same time, some other common training means will be adopted, so that the training means are more diverse. 5. In the pre-competition training stage of Chinese elite women marathon athletes, they mainly adopt the training method of small load and many times to maintain a certain amount of load, with small and medium load intensity as the main factor, suitable combination of large intensity, and show that it is within the scope of aerobic metabolism. The trend of increasing the training proportion of load intensity and prolonging the duration of running at high speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G822.8

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