【摘要】：眾所周知,田徑為運(yùn)動大項(xiàng),是大型體育綜合賽事中各國爭奪獎牌的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目,也是中國從體育大國向體育強(qiáng)國轉(zhuǎn)變的必由之路。世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽作為國際田聯(lián)競技水平最高、影響力最大的頂級賽事,是檢驗(yàn)一個國家的田徑競技水平的最好舞臺。自中國隊(duì)參加世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽以來,其參賽成績表現(xiàn)起伏不定,各時期表現(xiàn)的競爭優(yōu)勢與劣勢均有所不同。因此,本文以歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中國隊(duì)參賽成績?yōu)檠芯繉ο?綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、對比分析法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等研究方法,通過對歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中國隊(duì)獲得金牌、非金獎牌、積分、項(xiàng)目分布等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析,深入剖析歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中國隊(duì)成績特征,并嘗試性的提出一些發(fā)展策略,旨在為中國田徑競技水平的提高和可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考。本研究得出如下結(jié)論:1、在歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中,中國隊(duì)參賽成績總體呈現(xiàn)波浪式發(fā)展特征。其中在獲得的金牌數(shù)量上,以第4屆最多;在獲得的非金獎牌數(shù)量上,以第15屆最多;在進(jìn)入4-8名的項(xiàng)目數(shù)量上,以第10屆和第13屆最多;在獲得的團(tuán)體總積分上,以第15屆最多。2、在歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中,從獲得金牌和非金獎牌項(xiàng)群歸屬上看,由多到少依次為耐力性項(xiàng)群、快速力量性項(xiàng)群和速度性項(xiàng)群;從進(jìn)入4—8名項(xiàng)群歸屬上看,由多到少依次為快速力量性項(xiàng)群、耐力性項(xiàng)群和速度性項(xiàng)群。3、在歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中,中國隊(duì)男女運(yùn)動員參賽成績總體表現(xiàn)為,中國女子項(xiàng)目競技實(shí)力要明顯優(yōu)于男子項(xiàng)目,呈現(xiàn)女強(qiáng)男弱、陰盛陽衰的特征。但是在第15屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中,男女非金獎牌項(xiàng)目數(shù)量持衡;而在速度性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目的表現(xiàn)上,女子競技實(shí)力要稍遜于男子;女子在快速力量性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目和耐力性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目中總體競技實(shí)力較強(qiáng),在速度性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目中競技實(shí)力較弱;男子在耐力性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目中競技實(shí)力較強(qiáng),在快速力量性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目和速度性項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目中競技實(shí)力較弱。4、歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽中國田徑隊(duì)的總體參賽成績上下起伏變化極大,總體走勢為兩次極其明顯的頂峰、兩次上坡期和一段波折發(fā)展期,呈現(xiàn)波浪式發(fā)展特征。其波浪式發(fā)展特征與女子成績變化呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)。5、女子中長跑和男子110米欄項(xiàng)目的后備人才的斷層、女子競走項(xiàng)目的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、女子鏈球項(xiàng)目的后來居上均是影響中國田徑隊(duì)在歷屆世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽參賽成績起伏變化的主要因素。
[Abstract]:As we all know, track and field is a major sport, which is the key event for all countries to compete for medals in large-scale comprehensive sports events, and it is also the only way for China to change from a sports power to a sports power. The World Athletics Championships, as the highest level and the most influential top event in IAAF, is the best stage to test a country's athletics level. Since China took part in the World Athletics Championships, its performance has fluctuated, and its competitive advantages and disadvantages are different in different periods. Therefore, this paper takes the results of the previous world championships of track and field as the research object, synthetically applies the methods of literature, comparative analysis, mathematical statistics and so on, and obtains the gold medal of the Chinese team in the previous world championships of track and field. Statistics and analysis of non-gold medals, points, distribution of events, in-depth analysis of the performance characteristics of the Chinese team in previous world championships in track and field, and attempt to put forward some development strategies, The aim is to provide reference for the improvement and sustainable development of athletics level in China. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. In previous world track and field championships, the Chinese team's overall performance shows the characteristics of wave-like development. The number of gold medals won was the highest in the 4th, the 15th in the non-gold medals, the 10th and the 13th in the 4-8. In the total score of the team, the 15th session is the most. 2. In the previous world athletics championships, from the point of view of the ownership of the gold medal and non-gold medal group, the order from more to less is endurance, fast strength and speed. From the point of view of belonging to the 4-8 event groups, the order from more to less is the fast strength group, endurance group and speed group. 3. In previous world championships, the overall performance of the Chinese team's male and female athletes was as follows. The competitive strength of Chinese women's events is obviously superior to that of men's events. However, in the 15th World Athletics Championships, the number of non-gold medals held by men and women was equal, while in the performance of speed events, women's competitive strength was slightly inferior to that of men. The overall competitive strength of women is stronger in the fast strength group and endurance group, and the competitive strength is weak in the speed group. Men are stronger in endurance events and weaker in fast strength and speed events. 4. The overall results of the Chinese track and field teams in previous world championships have fluctuated greatly. The overall trend is two extremely obvious peaks, two upslope periods and a period of twists and turns, showing the characteristics of wave-like development. Its wave-like development features are positively related to the changes of women's achievements. 5. The faults of women's middle-long distance running and men's 110m hurdles, the unstable development of women's race walking, Women's chainball is the main factor that affects the fluctuation of Chinese track and field team's performance in the previous world championships.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G82

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