【摘要】：隨著體育科研的不斷創(chuàng)新和學(xué)校體育的飛速發(fā)展,當(dāng)今世界不少國家的學(xué)校體育研究取得了舉世矚目的成果,但是不同國家、不同地區(qū)之間的學(xué)校體育發(fā)展水平還存在差異。回顧我國的學(xué)校體育發(fā)展歷程,縱觀國外在學(xué)校體育研究領(lǐng)域的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)要真正實(shí)現(xiàn)提高青少年體質(zhì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)全民終身體育的目標(biāo),中國學(xué)校體育科研工作者任重而道遠(yuǎn)。本研究將1985-2014年期間Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫和CNKI數(shù)據(jù)庫中搜索的有關(guān)學(xué)校體育相關(guān)文章作為數(shù)據(jù)來源,借助軟件Cite Space III作為研究工具,分別從知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)和研究熱點(diǎn)來對(duì)國內(nèi)外學(xué)校體育進(jìn)行可視化對(duì)比分析,明確國內(nèi)外學(xué)校體育發(fā)展的差異,并借鑒國外先進(jìn)的學(xué)校體育發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn),為國內(nèi)學(xué)校體育更好的發(fā)展提出建議和對(duì)策。通過本研究得出以下結(jié)論:第一,回顧我國近三十年學(xué)校體育研究的演變歷程,學(xué)校體育的發(fā)展深受社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、教育等因素的影響,具有明顯的歷史階段性特點(diǎn)。我國學(xué)校體育研究在與國外學(xué)校體育研究的融合中實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,在借鑒國外先進(jìn)體育科研思想的同時(shí),又繼承了本民族的傳統(tǒng)教育觀,在這一過程中既有排斥,也有借鑒。第二,連續(xù)30年在中外學(xué)校體育研究方面,仍然以美國作為先導(dǎo),隨后便是英國、澳大利亞、加拿大、西班牙等國家,中國排名第九。對(duì)于美國體育科研而言,其典型特征就是以綜合性高校為主要研究機(jī)構(gòu)。第三,國內(nèi)學(xué)校體育研究相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的作者群還沒有完全建立,核心作者的背景差異性較明顯、分布不均衡;中國學(xué)者同樣也可以成為體育科研領(lǐng)域的佼佼者,他們?cè)趪H上的影響力越來越大;在學(xué)校體育研究取得了重大成就的國外學(xué)者,他們的研究方向都非常明確,大多集中在2-3個(gè)研究主題,對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入地研究。第四,國內(nèi)研究熱點(diǎn)隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展、教育改革的需要,每個(gè)時(shí)期都有每個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn);國外學(xué)校體育研究熱點(diǎn)總的來說,密切關(guān)注健康活動(dòng)情境因素與動(dòng)機(jī);采用多種教育方式來引導(dǎo)青少年的體育思維,分析他們的心理;引導(dǎo)特殊人群減肥等;是現(xiàn)階段國內(nèi)外絕大多數(shù)研究者所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)和問題。第五,國內(nèi)學(xué)校體育研究的演化路徑:課程設(shè)置逐漸趨于科學(xué),課程體系、課程內(nèi)容不斷的更新,以適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的需要;課程評(píng)價(jià)方式不只是終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià),還包含學(xué)生態(tài)度、進(jìn)步程度,學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力等多方面評(píng)價(jià)。國外學(xué)校體育研究的演化路徑:對(duì)特殊人群的學(xué)校體育研究關(guān)注較多;關(guān)注成就目標(biāo)和動(dòng)機(jī)研究,與運(yùn)動(dòng)心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)性較大;對(duì)鍛煉動(dòng)機(jī)、成就目標(biāo)、自我決定理論等關(guān)注較多,且研究方法多采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法,分析其干預(yù)效果、影響因素、檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷取?br/>[Abstract]:With the continuous innovation of sports scientific research and the rapid development of school sports, many countries in the world have made great achievements in the research of school physical education. However, there are still differences in the level of school sports development between different countries and different regions. Reviewing the development course of school physical education in our country, and looking at the successful experience of foreign countries in the field of school sports research, we find that we should really realize the goal of improving the physique of young people and realizing the lifelong physical education of the whole people. Sports researchers in Chinese schools have a long way to go. In this study, Web of Science database and CNKI database were used as the data source, and the software Cite Space III was used as the research tool. From the knowledge base and the research hotspot, the author makes a visual comparative analysis of school physical education at home and abroad, clarifies the differences between the development of school sports at home and abroad, and draws lessons from the advanced experience of school sports development in foreign countries. Put forward suggestions and countermeasures for the better development of domestic school physical education. The main conclusions are as follows: first, reviewing the evolution of school physical education research in recent 30 years in China, the development of school sports is deeply influenced by social, economic, political, cultural, educational and other factors. Has the obvious historical stage characteristic. Our country school sports research realizes the innovation development in the amalgamation with the foreign school physical education research, at the same time, it inherits the traditional education view of the nation while drawing lessons from the advanced sports scientific research thought of foreign countries. In this process, it not only repel but also draw lessons from. Second, for 30 consecutive years, the United States is still the leader in Chinese and foreign school sports research, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Spain and other countries, China ranked ninth. For American sports scientific research, its typical characteristic is to take the comprehensive university as the main research institution. Third, the relatively stable author group of domestic school physical education research has not been completely established, the core author background difference is obvious, the distribution is not balanced; Chinese scholars can also become leaders in the field of sports scientific research, they have more and more international influence; The research direction of foreign scholars who have made great achievements in school physical education research is very clear. Most of them focus on 2-3 research topics and do in-depth research on them. Fourth, with the development of society and the need of educational reform, the domestic research hotspots have the characteristics of each period in each period, the foreign school sports research hot spots in general, pay close attention to the situational factors and motivation of health activities; It is the focus and problem that most researchers at home and abroad pay close attention to at present to adopt various educational methods to guide teenagers' sports thinking and analyze their psychology; to guide special people to lose weight and so on. Fifth, the evolvement path of the domestic school physical education research: the curriculum arrangement gradually tends to the science, the curriculum system, the curriculum content unceasingly updates, in order to meet the time development need; Curriculum evaluation is not only summative evaluation, but also includes students' attitude, degree of progress, students' practical ability and so on. The evolution path of school physical education research abroad: pay more attention to the school physical education research of special people, pay close attention to achievement goal and motivation research, and have a great correlation with sports psychology field; More attention was paid to exercise motivation, achievement goal, self-decision theory, and statistical methods were used to analyze the intervention effect, influencing factors and testing model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G807

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