【摘要】：研究目的:中國射擊隊所取得的成績離不開各個省隊的人才輸送。培養(yǎng)各省市的后備人才力量離不開科學的選材體系。目前我國還沒有針對步槍射擊運動員的全面的、完善的中級選材指標體系研究,大部分都集中在運動員的心理選材方面。通過對步槍射擊運動員的選材指標進行系統(tǒng)的研究和調(diào)查,初步建立起我國步槍射擊運動員中級選材的綜合指標體系,為我國培養(yǎng)出更多的人才后備力量,為步槍射擊項目的人才發(fā)展提供有力保障。研究方法:本研究通過文獻資料法、特爾菲法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等方法結(jié)合步槍射擊運動的項目特點和專家的意見,確定各級選材指標及權重。研究結(jié)果:(1)通過對射擊運動項目的深入分析,在結(jié)合其運動項目特點和運動員科學選材等理論知識探究的基礎之上,構建了一個完整的針對步槍射擊運動員中級選材的指標體系,將理論知識付諸于實踐之中。射擊運動員中級選材指標的體系由身體形態(tài)、機能、身體素質(zhì)、運動心理與智能、運動專項5個一級指標;長度、身體成分、呼吸機能、心血管機能、神經(jīng)機能、力量、耐力、關節(jié)活動度、平衡、運動心理能力、個性特征、實彈能力、教練員評價等13個二級指標;以及評價步槍射擊運動員選材的42個三級指標構成。其中手長、上肢長、肩寬、髖寬、體重、BMI指數(shù)和體脂肪率是步槍射擊運動員的身體形態(tài)指標;肺活量、肺活量體重指數(shù)、心功能指數(shù)、脈壓差、安靜心率、臺階試驗、神經(jīng)活動類型、迷走神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)影響因數(shù)和交感神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)影響因數(shù)是步槍射擊運動員的機能指標;背肌力量、平板支撐、握力、屈臂懸垂、3000米/1500米、20秒反復橫跨、1分鐘跳繩、肩關節(jié)柔韌、坐位體前屈、縱向踩木和閉目單腳站立是步槍射擊運動員的身體素質(zhì)指標;平均反應時、肌肉用力感、九洞儀、線條追蹤、氣質(zhì)類型、智商和情商是步槍射擊運動員的運動心理與智能指標;最好成績、氣步槍60/40發(fā)、運持槍平穩(wěn)性、瞄扣協(xié)調(diào)一致性、意志品質(zhì)、自我控制能力和接受能力是步槍射擊運動員的運動專項指標。(2)通過三輪問卷的調(diào)查,整理、統(tǒng)計和分析各級指標的重要程度以及各個專家打分情況,將各個指標按照重要程度進行排序。一級各個指標所占權重依次為運動心理與智能、運動專項、身體素質(zhì)、機能和身體形態(tài)。二級各個指標所占權重依次為身體成分、心血管機能、耐力、平衡、運動心理能力、教練員評價,所占權重值比較高的三級指標有髖寬、體脂肪率、BMI指數(shù)、肺活量、安靜心率、臺階試驗、神經(jīng)活動類型、平板支撐、3000米/1500米、肩關節(jié)柔韌、閉目單腳站立、肌肉用力感、氣步槍60/40發(fā)、運持槍平穩(wěn)性等。研究結(jié)論:(1)構建了我國步槍射擊運動員中級選材指標體系,包括身體形態(tài)、機能、身體素質(zhì)、運動心理與智能、運動專項,適用于我國步槍射擊運動員中級科學選材。(2)確立了步槍射擊運動員中級選材指標體系的權重。在我國步槍射擊運動員選材中應側(cè)重手長、BMI指數(shù)、肺活量、安靜心率、神經(jīng)活動類型、核心力量、有氧耐力、縱向踩木、肌肉用力感、氣質(zhì)類型、實彈能力、運持槍平穩(wěn)性和瞄扣協(xié)調(diào)一致性等指標。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: The results achieved by the China Shooting Team cannot be separated from the talents of the provincial teams. To train the reserve talents of all provinces and cities is inseparable from the scientific material selection system. At present, our country has not focused on the comprehensive, perfect middle-level material selection index system research of rifle shooting athletes, and most of them focus on the athlete's psychological material selection. Through the systematic research and investigation of the material selection index of rifle shooting athletes, the comprehensive index system of middle-level material selection of rifle shooting athletes in China is preliminarily established, and more talents and talents are trained to provide powerful guarantee for the talent development of rifle shooting projects. Methods: This study combined with the project features and experts' opinions of rifle firing movement by literature, Delphi method, mathematical statistics and so on, and then determined the material selection indicators and weights at all levels. The research results: (1) Through in-depth analysis of shooting sports items, based on the research on the characteristics of sports items and the selection of athletes' scientific materials, a complete index system for middle-level material selection of rifle shooting athletes has been constructed. Put theoretical knowledge into practice. The system of middle-level material selection indicators of shooters is composed of five primary indexes of body shape, function, physical quality, sports psychology and intelligence, sports, length, body composition, respiratory function, cardiovascular function, nerve function, strength, endurance, joint motion, balance, There are 13 second-level indicators such as sports psychological ability, personality characteristics, real-play ability and coach evaluation, and 42 three-level indicators for evaluating the material selection of rifle shooting athletes. wherein the length of the hand, the length of the upper limb, the width of the shoulder, the width of the hip, the body weight, the BMI index and the body fat percentage are the body shape indexes of the rifle shooting athlete; the vital capacity, the vital capacity body weight index, the heart function index, the pulse pressure difference, the quiet heart rate, the step test and the nerve activity type, the influence factors of the vagal regulation system and the influence factors of the sympathetic nervous system are the function indexes of the rifle shooting athlete, the back muscle strength, the flat support, the holding force, the bending arm hanging, 3000 meters/ 1500 meters, the 20 seconds repeated crossing, 1 minute walking, the shoulder joint is flexible, the front buckling of the seat body, The vertical stepping wood and the closed-eye single-leg stand are the physical quality indexes of the rifle shooting athlete; when the average reaction time, the muscle force feeling, the nine-hole instrument, the line tracking, the temperament type, the intelligence quotient and the intelligence quotient are the movement psychology and the intelligent index of the rifle shooting athlete; the best result is that the air rifle is 60/ 40, The quality, self-control ability and acceptance ability of the gun are the sport special indicators of rifle shooting athletes. (2) through the investigation, arrangement, statistics and analysis of the three-wheel questionnaire, the importance of the indicators at all levels, as well as the scoring situation of each expert, shall be sorted according to the importance degree. The weight of each index in the first level is sports psychology and intelligence, sports specialty, physical quality, function and body shape. The weight of each index in the second level is the body composition, the cardiovascular function, the endurance, the balance, the sports psychological ability, the coach evaluation, the three-level index which occupies the high weight value, the hip width, the body fat rate, the BMI index, the vital capacity, the quiet heart rate, the step test, the nerve activity type, Flat support, 3000m/ 1500m, shoulder joint flexible, closed eye single foot standing, muscle force feeling, air rifle 60/ 40 hair, transporting gun stability and so on. Research conclusions: (1) It constructs the index system of middle-level material selection of rifle shooter in China, including body shape, function, physical constitution, sports psychology and intelligence, sport special, and it is suitable for middle-level scientific material selection of rifle shooting athletes in China. and (2) establishing the weight of the middle-level material selection index system of the rifle shooting athlete. It should focus on the indexes such as hand length, BMI index, vital capacity, quiet heart rate, nerve activity type, core strength, aerobic endurance, longitudinal stepping wood, muscle force feeling, air quality type, real-time capability, gun stability and coordination consistency of sight buckle.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G871.2

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