【摘要】：賽前減量訓(xùn)練是指,在預(yù)定時間內(nèi)降低運動員生理和心理壓力的同時繼續(xù)提高運動員之前訓(xùn)練獲得的身體適應(yīng)和訓(xùn)練適應(yīng),促使運動員適時達到高峰競技狀態(tài)。賽前訓(xùn)練計劃的成功制定與執(zhí)行能直接決定運動員的競技水平的發(fā)揮。其訓(xùn)練時間、訓(xùn)練方法、訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷以及訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容的選擇,對賽前訓(xùn)練的效果具有決定性的影響。所以研究大學(xué)生短跑運動員賽前減量訓(xùn)練的方案設(shè)計,對大學(xué)生短跑項目的訓(xùn)練發(fā)展具有一定的借鑒和參考價值。本文的研究方法主要選用:文獻資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、專家訪談法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,對高校大學(xué)生短跑運動員賽前訓(xùn)練時間、訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷特征、訓(xùn)練密度安排、訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容的選取、訓(xùn)練方法手段等方面進行調(diào)查與分析。找出目前大學(xué)生田徑短跑運動員賽前訓(xùn)練特征以及問題,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出參考性意見。通過分析調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)得出以下結(jié)論:1.大學(xué)生短跑運動員賽前減量時間一般控制在4-7天,訓(xùn)練課時間約為90-120分鐘,一般提前2-4天抵達比賽地點,賽前調(diào)整時間較短,一般在前往比賽地前2-3天上一個高強度訓(xùn)練課,在前往比賽地途中積極修整1-2天;2.大學(xué)生短跑運動員賽前訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷量的安排中,周訓(xùn)練課4-7次。賽前減量訓(xùn)練階段的專項訓(xùn)練強度應(yīng)控制在為85%-95%之間;3.大學(xué)生短跑運動員一般采用“直線式”和“階梯式”賽前減量方法,一般遵循減少訓(xùn)練量,提高負(fù)荷強度,減量訓(xùn)練期負(fù)荷量約為平時訓(xùn)練量的60%-70%,負(fù)荷強度一般控制在最大心率的95%左右;4.大學(xué)生短跑運動員賽前減量訓(xùn)練的負(fù)荷量、負(fù)荷密度、負(fù)荷強度安排應(yīng)是,“低”負(fù)荷量;“中—低”負(fù)荷密度;“中—高”負(fù)荷強度。周訓(xùn)練課頻率4-7次。
[Abstract]:Pre-competition reduction training is to reduce the physiological and psychological pressure of athletes in a predetermined time while continuing to improve the physical adaptation and training adaptation of athletes before training so as to promote athletes to reach the peak competitive state at the right time. The successful formulation and execution of pre-competition training plan can directly determine the athletic level of athletes. The choice of training time, training method, training load and training content has a decisive effect on the effect of pre-competition training. Therefore, the study of the program design of pre-competition reduced training for college sprinters has certain reference and reference value for the training and development of college students sprint events. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: literature, questionnaire, expert interview, mathematical statistics, training time, training load characteristics, training density arrangement, training content selection for college students sprinters. The training methods and methods are investigated and analyzed. This paper finds out the characteristics and problems of pre-competition training of college students sprinters, and puts forward some suggestions on this basis. The conclusions are as follows: 1. College sprinters usually limit their pre-competition time to 4-7 days, and the training time is about 90-120 minutes. They generally arrive at the competition place 2-4 days earlier. The adjustment time before the race is relatively short. Generally go to the game before 2-3 sky a high-intensity training class, on the way to the game to actively repair 1-2 days; 2. In the arrangement of pre-competition training load of college sprinters, 4-7 weekly training sessions. The intensity of special training should be controlled between 85% and 95%. College sprinters generally adopt the methods of "straight line" and "step by step" to reduce the amount of training and increase the intensity of the training. The load during the training period is about 60-70 percent of the normal amount of training. The load intensity is generally controlled at about 95% of the maximum heart rate. 4. The arrangement of load, load density and load intensity of college sprinters should be "low" load, "medium-low" load density, "medium-high" load intensity. Weekly training frequency 4-7 times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G822.1

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