【摘要】：自2006年國家體育總局正式把空手道項目引進(jìn)國內(nèi)以來,空手道項目在中國發(fā)展迅速,訓(xùn)練和競技水平隨之提高,特別是空手道項目中的“組手”(競技對抗),通過八年的努力,我國空手道健兒特別是女子小級別和大級別獲得了突破,在國內(nèi)外各大賽事均取得了優(yōu)異的成績。但我們也應(yīng)看到我國女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員實力不均衡和整體實力不強(qiáng)的問題。為了使空手道教練員和運(yùn)動員能夠更清晰地了解世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員在比賽中技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的運(yùn)用情況及特點,更及時地把握目前空手道組手技戰(zhàn)術(shù)發(fā)展的主流趨勢。為空手道教練員及運(yùn)動員能有效地和有針對性地進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練提供相對科學(xué)的參考和相應(yīng)的理論依據(jù)。本文以2012年第21屆、2014年第22屆世界空手道錦標(biāo)賽女子組手-50kg、-55kg、-61kg、-68kg、+68kg五個級別的決賽、半決賽共30場比賽為研究對象。本文所采用的研究方法為:文獻(xiàn)資料法、錄像觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、邏輯分析法,通過這些研究方法和搜集相關(guān)空手道的專業(yè)知識來對比賽中的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用情況及特點進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計和分析。研究結(jié)果表明：1 拳法技術(shù)是世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員最主要的得分技術(shù),摔法技術(shù)是使用成功率最高的技術(shù)；使用拳法技術(shù)以上段拳法技術(shù)為主,使用腿法技術(shù)以橫踢、勾踢為主,使用摔法技術(shù)以“掃腿”為主要運(yùn)用形式的摔法為主。2世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員運(yùn)用組合技術(shù)中以拳法技術(shù)組合為主,“前手上段+后手上段”和“上段高沖技術(shù)”是拳法組合中使用次數(shù)最多的技術(shù)組合。3 世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員拳法技術(shù)未得分的主要原因是：未把握好時機(jī)、施展技術(shù)動作被迎擊(或互擊)；腿法技術(shù)未得分的主要原因是：未準(zhǔn)確擊打得分部位、被對手抓住機(jī)會施展摔法；摔法技術(shù)未得分的主要原因是：對方脫離成功、未把握好時機(jī)導(dǎo)致動作未完成、對手采取抓抱等犯規(guī)行為。4世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員使用主動進(jìn)攻戰(zhàn)術(shù)、假動作戰(zhàn)術(shù)、迎擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)較多,使用貼靠戰(zhàn)術(shù)、迂回戰(zhàn)術(shù)、防守反擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)相對較少。5世界優(yōu)秀女子空手道組手運(yùn)動員在邊角區(qū)域中,位于里角位置運(yùn)用戰(zhàn)術(shù)以迎擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)、貼靠戰(zhàn)術(shù)、假動作戰(zhàn)術(shù)為主,外角位置運(yùn)用戰(zhàn)術(shù)以主動進(jìn)攻戰(zhàn)術(shù)、假動作戰(zhàn)術(shù)為主。
[Abstract]:Since the State Administration of Sports formally introduced karate projects into China in 2006, karate projects have developed rapidly in China, and their training and competitive level have been raised, especially the "group players" (competitive confrontation) in karate projects, which have been developed through eight years of hard work. Chinese karate athletes, especially women in small and large levels, have made a breakthrough, and have achieved excellent results in major competitions at home and abroad. But we should also see that the strength of Chinese women karate group players is not balanced and the overall strength is not strong. In order to enable the karate coaches and athletes to understand more clearly the application and characteristics of the world's outstanding women karate players in the competition, and to grasp the current mainstream trend of the development of karate hand techniques and tactics in a more timely manner. It provides relative scientific reference and corresponding theoretical basis for karate coaches and athletes to train effectively and pertinently. In this paper, the women's hands of the 21st World Karate Championships in 2012 and the 22nd World Karate Championship in 2014 were chosen as the research objects. The finalists of the five levels of 68kg, the semifinals and the semi-finals, were divided into 30 matches. The research methods used in this paper are: document method, video observation method, mathematical statistics method, logical analysis method, Through these research methods and collect the relevant karate professional knowledge to the match technical and tactical application situation and the characteristic carries on the statistics and the analysis. The results show that: (1) Boxing technique is the most important scoring technique for elite women karate athletes in the world. Leg technique is mainly used in cross kick, hook kick, and fall technique is mainly used in the form of "sweeping legs". 2 among the combination techniques used by the world's elite women karate athletes, the combination of boxing techniques is the main method. "forehand and back hand" and "upper paragraph high-impact technique" are the most frequently used combination of boxing. 3 the main reason why the world's elite women karate players did not score in boxing technique is that they have not grasped the right time. The main reasons for the failure to score in leg technique are: not hitting the scoring site accurately and being seized by the opponent, and the main reason for the failure to score is that the other side is divorced from success, the main reason for the failure to score is that the opponent is not able to score the score, and the main reason for the failure to score is that the opponent is not able to score the score. Failure to grasp a good opportunity leads to uncompleted action, and the opponent adopts fouls such as clasping and holding. (4) World elite women karate group players use active attack tactics, false action tactics, and attack tactics, and use close tactics, detour tactics, etc. The defensive counter-attack tactics are relatively few. 5 in the corner area, the elite women karate players in the world use tactics in the corner position to meet the tactics, stick to the tactics, fake action tactics, and use the tactics in the outer corner position to take the initiative offensive tactics. False action and tactics are dominant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G886.5

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