發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 11:56

【摘要】：足球比賽負荷由外部負荷與內部負荷構成,兩種負荷形式是共變的統(tǒng)一體,是負荷的內、外兩個方面,前者為因,后者為果。兩種形式對負荷的表達形式不同,因此其評定范式也不盡相同。外部負荷評價范式主要基于足球項目的專項運動特征,其過程為:首先對能夠反映專項特征的所有運動行為方式進行歸類,然后對各類活動形式的數量、持續(xù)時間、間歇特征等進行度量并進行分析評估。內部負荷的評定范式主要基于比賽中運動員機體的生理生化反應以及能量代謝特征,其過程為:首先采集非正式比賽的生理生化指標,然后根據數據結果對外部負荷導致的機體變化特征進行度量并進行分析評估。前者強調專項的運動形式、后者反映項目的能量代謝特征,二者共同構成了足球項目的運動負荷評定范式,同時也是足球運動員體能訓練的基本邏輯起點。通過系統(tǒng)分析表明,只有將內、外負荷評定相結合,定性定量相結合才能更加系統(tǒng)完整的評價比賽負荷。整體上看足球比賽負荷是大強度有氧負荷,其外部負荷表現為:跑動距離9 800~12 000 m,間歇時間為18.8~23.6 s;對應內部負為80‰~85‰HRmax,血乳酸6~13 mmol/L之間。大強度比賽負荷的外部負荷是由爆發(fā)性動作構成,中強度負荷由多次有球與對抗下跑動構成,小強度負荷主要由走和慢跑構成,3個強度對應的內部負荷分別為:85%~100%HRmax、血乳酸12~14 mmol/L;75%~84%HRmax,血乳酸8~12mmol/L;55%~74%HRmax,血乳酸在8mmo L/L以下。
[Abstract]:Soccer match load is composed of external load and internal load. The two forms of load are the unity of common change and the internal and external aspects of the load. The former is the cause and the latter is the result. The two forms of load expression are different, so the evaluation paradigm is not the same. The external load evaluation paradigm is mainly based on the special sports characteristics of football events. The process is as follows: firstly, it classifies all the sports behaviors that can reflect the special characteristics, and then it classifies the number and duration of all kinds of activities. The intermittent features are measured and evaluated. The internal load assessment paradigm is mainly based on the physiological and biochemical responses and energy metabolism characteristics of the athletes in the competition. The process is as follows: firstly, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the informal competition are collected. Then according to the data results, the characteristics of the body changes caused by external load are measured and evaluated. The former emphasizes the special sports form, the latter reflects the characteristics of energy metabolism of the project, and both of them constitute the sports load assessment paradigm of the football event, and are also the basic logical starting point of the physical fitness training of the football players. The system analysis shows that only by combining internal and external load assessment and qualitative and quantitative evaluation can the competition load be evaluated more systematically and completely. On the whole, the load of soccer match is a high-intensity aerobic load, the external load is as follows: the running distance is 9 800 ~ 12000 m, the interval time is 18.8 ~ 23.6 s, and the internal negative value is 80 鈥，

本文編號：2270382