【摘要】：研究目的:通過肌電采集儀器和肌電分析軟件對背越式跳高起跳階段起跳腿的肌電特征進行采集及分析,來尋找起跳階段起跳腿肌肉的發(fā)力時序,結(jié)束時間,持續(xù)時長,均方根振幅,肌電積分值和貢獻率的規(guī)律,希望能夠?qū)Ρ吃绞教呓虒W訓練提供一定的幫助,能夠規(guī)范、精確學生的背越式跳高起跳動作,提高學生背越式跳高的成績。研究方法:選取山西師范大學體育學院學生(男)共32人,其中跳高二級運動員2人(訓練年限為3年);田徑專修15人(訓練年限為2年);田徑普修學生15人(訓練年限為6個月)。要求受試者實驗前24小時未從事劇烈運動,無肌肉疲勞損傷現(xiàn)象。使用美國產(chǎn)DELSYS Trigno Mobil便攜式16通道遙感肌電儀、肌電分析軟件,對背越式跳高起跳階段起跳腿的肌電特征進行分析,具體指標包括:肌肉肌電活動開始時間,肌肉肌電活動結(jié)束時間,肌肉肌電活動持續(xù)時長,肌肉肌電振幅均方根,肌肉肌電積分值,肌肉貢獻率。研究結(jié)論:在本研究中跳高二級學生的肌肉肌電特征存在良好的時序性、規(guī)律性,田徑專修學生的肌電特征與跳高二級學生具有一定相似性,但時序上存在時間點的重合,規(guī)律性沒有跳高二級學生強,而田徑普修學生的肌肉肌電特征時序上則呈現(xiàn)雜亂無序狀態(tài),這與學生的運動訓練年限有關(guān),也與學生的身體素質(zhì)有關(guān)。不同訓練年限學生背越式跳高起跳階段肌肉肌電特征都呈現(xiàn)出股二頭肌持續(xù)時長較長,發(fā)力比例較大的特點,發(fā)力及貢獻率最大的就是股內(nèi)側(cè)肌和股外側(cè)肌,肌肉發(fā)力及貢獻率極小的是脛骨前肌和半腱肌。
[Abstract]:Objective: to collect and analyze the myoelectric characteristics of the take-off leg in the take-off stage of the backcross high jump by means of the electromyography acquisition instrument and the electromyography analysis software, to find out the time sequence, the end time and the duration of the takeoff leg muscle in the take-off stage. It is hoped that the RMS amplitude, EMG integral value and contribution rate will provide some help to the teaching and training of the back-and-over high jump, and can standardize and accurately the students' take-off movements and improve the scores of the students in the back-and-over high jump. Methods: a total of 32 students (male) from College of physical Education of Shanxi normal University were selected. Among them, 2 high jumpers (3 years training years), 15 track and field majors (2 years training years) and 15 track and field students (6 months training years). The subjects were not engaged in strenuous exercise 24 hours before the experiment, and there was no muscle fatigue injury. Using the DELSYS Trigno Mobil portable 16-channel remote sensing electromyograph made in the United States and the electromyography analysis software, the myoelectric characteristics of the leg during the take-off stage of the back jump were analyzed. The specific indicators include: the onset time of the muscle myoelectric activity. The end time of myoelectric activity, the duration of myoelectric activity, the mean square root of muscle electromyography amplitude, the integral value of muscle electromyography and the contribution rate of muscle. Conclusion: in this study, there is a good timing and regularity of the muscle electromyography of the second grade students in the high jump, and the electromyography of track and field majors is similar to that of the second grade students of the high jump, but there is a overlap of time points in the time sequence. The regularity is not as strong as the second grade students in the high jump, but the muscle electromyography of the track and field students is disorderly in time sequence, which is related to the training years of the students and the physical quality of the students. The characteristics of muscle electromyography of students with different training years showed that the biceps femoris lasted longer and the proportion of generating force was larger. The medial femoral muscle and lateral femoral muscle were the most active and contributing force. The anterior tibial muscle and the semitendinosus muscle are the ones with minimal muscle strength and contribution.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.2;G823.1

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