【摘要】：近年來(lái)藝術(shù)體操項(xiàng)目規(guī)則發(fā)展迅速,與其他難美類運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目最大的不同就是藝術(shù)體操所有成套動(dòng)作中都需要身體與器械完美結(jié)合,器械一直是藝術(shù)體操項(xiàng)目中的精華,中國(guó)藝術(shù)體操個(gè)人項(xiàng)目近幾年在國(guó)際上有了更多新的突破,2013-2016版國(guó)際藝術(shù)體操評(píng)分規(guī)則中,個(gè)人項(xiàng)目難度增加了器械熟練性動(dòng)作(M)這一難度類型。與世界高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比,我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的器械熟練性動(dòng)作(M)仍存在一定的差距。鑒于此,著重以個(gè)人項(xiàng)目器械熟練性動(dòng)作(M)進(jìn)行研究,進(jìn)一步分析我國(guó)藝術(shù)體操個(gè)人項(xiàng)目器械熟練性動(dòng)作(M)水平的現(xiàn)狀,分析我國(guó)與世界優(yōu)秀強(qiáng)隊(duì)之間的差距與存在的問(wèn)題,以期為我國(guó)藝術(shù)體操個(gè)人運(yùn)動(dòng)員競(jìng)技水平的提高提供參考和借鑒。對(duì)藝術(shù)體操個(gè)人項(xiàng)目器械熟練性動(dòng)作進(jìn)行研究,論文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、錄像分析法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法進(jìn)行研究,主要結(jié)論包括:1.藝術(shù)體操個(gè)人項(xiàng)目器械熟練性動(dòng)作是由單一形式、結(jié)合舞步組合、結(jié)合身體難度動(dòng)作三種完成形式構(gòu)成。國(guó)內(nèi)外運(yùn)動(dòng)員單一形式的器械熟練性動(dòng)作運(yùn)用次數(shù)最多,分別占總數(shù)的85.5%和89.7%;結(jié)合舞步組合完成的器械熟練性動(dòng)作運(yùn)用次數(shù)次之,分別占總數(shù)的13.2%和2.6%;結(jié)合身體難度動(dòng)作運(yùn)用次數(shù)最少,分別占總數(shù)的1.3%和7.7%。2.我國(guó)前六名運(yùn)動(dòng)員器械熟練性動(dòng)作的運(yùn)用數(shù)量明顯多于奧運(yùn)會(huì)前六名運(yùn)動(dòng)員,分別為76個(gè)和39個(gè)。國(guó)外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的器械熟練性動(dòng)作更具有創(chuàng)新性、自身技術(shù)代表性而我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的器械熟練性動(dòng)作相對(duì)常規(guī),有效性較低。對(duì)我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的最后得分產(chǎn)生較大影響。3.國(guó)外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員圈和球成套的器械熟練性動(dòng)作的運(yùn)用是棒和帶兩項(xiàng)器械的兩倍(26:13),我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員為1.3倍(43:33),表明圈和球兩項(xiàng)器械是發(fā)展器械熟練性動(dòng)作的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。4.加強(qiáng)青少年藝術(shù)體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員器械基本技術(shù)訓(xùn)練、全面提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員器械操控能力,有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行多樣化且具有一定獨(dú)特性的器械技術(shù)訓(xùn)練,是提高我國(guó)個(gè)人運(yùn)動(dòng)員器械熟練性動(dòng)作(M)的主要對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rules of rhythmic gymnastics have developed rapidly. The biggest difference between rhythmic gymnastics and other difficult and beautiful sports is that rhythmic gymnastics requires a perfect combination of body and equipment in all sets of movements. Equipment has always been the essence of rhythmic gymnastics. In recent years, there have been more new breakthroughs in the individual events of Chinese rhythmic gymnastics in the international grading rules of International rhythmic Gymnastics 2013-2016. The difficulty of individual events has increased the difficulty type of instrument skillful movement (M). Compared with the high-level athletes in the world, there is still a certain gap in the equipment proficiency (M) of Chinese athletes. In view of this, this paper focuses on the research on the (M) of the instrument proficiency in individual events, further analyzes the present situation of the (M) level of the instrument proficiency in the individual gymnastics project in China, and analyzes the gap and existing problems between the excellent teams in China and the world. In order to provide reference and reference for the improvement of competitive level of individual athletes in rhythmic gymnastics. In this paper, the author makes a research on the instrument proficiency of rhythmic gymnastics, including literature, interview, video analysis, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The instrument skillful movement of individual item of rhythmic gymnastics is composed of single form, combination of dance steps and physical difficulty. Athletes at home and abroad used the most single type of instrument skillful movements, accounting for 85.5% and 89.7% of the total, followed by the combination of dance steps. 13.2% of the total and 2.6% of the total, combined with the least number of difficult movements, accounted for 1.3% of the total and 7.772. 2. The number of the first six athletes in our country is obviously more than that of the first six athletes in the Olympic Games, 76 and 39 respectively. The instrument skillful movements of foreign elite athletes are more innovative and their own technical representativeness, while the Chinese athletes' equipment proficiency movements are relatively conventional and less effective. It has great influence on the final score of Chinese athletes. The use of the instrument skillful movements of the circle and ball sets of the foreign elite athletes is twice as much as that of the two instruments (26:13) and 1.3 times (43:33) of the outstanding athletes of our country. It shows that the two instruments of the circle and the ball are the key items of developing the instrument proficiency. Strengthen the basic skill training of apparatus for young rhythmic gymnasts, improve the ability of instrument control of athletes in an all-round way, carry out diversified and unique training in instrument technology, It is the main countermeasure to improve the (M) of Chinese individual athletes' instrument proficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G834

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