【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì),老年人群體也隨之越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。這種形勢(shì)下,老年人群體的問題也接踵而來(lái),其中有生理方面的問題,也有心理方面的問題。衰老作為自然界不可抗拒的規(guī)律,人都會(huì)從朝氣勃勃到老態(tài)龍鐘,在這一過程中,如果不加以認(rèn)識(shí)與重視,都有可能導(dǎo)致健康水平下降,生理機(jī)能失調(diào),心理也不平衡。因此,老年人的心理健康更是值得關(guān)注。當(dāng)今社會(huì)中作為特殊的弱勢(shì)群體,養(yǎng)老院老人已經(jīng)被公眾以及社會(huì)廣泛關(guān)注,他們的心理健康狀況也成了他們能否安享晚年的標(biāo)志之一。為了更加全面的了解養(yǎng)老院老人的心理健康狀況以及針對(duì)出現(xiàn)的問題及時(shí)找到合適科學(xué)的解決方法,本研究采用SCL-90癥狀自評(píng)量表對(duì)湘中地區(qū)兩個(gè)養(yǎng)老院100名老人進(jìn)行測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果得出該地區(qū)養(yǎng)老院老人在軀體化、強(qiáng)迫癥狀、人際關(guān)系敏感、抑郁、焦慮、敵對(duì)、恐怖、偏執(zhí)、精神病性這9項(xiàng)因分子上的得分均高于全國(guó)正常水平,并且呈現(xiàn)非常顯著性差異(P0.01),說明湘中地區(qū)養(yǎng)老院老人存在不同程度的心理健康問題,并且低齡層老人心理健康水平要低于中齡層老人,女性老人心理健康水平低于男性老人。根據(jù)SCL-90癥狀自評(píng)量表的測(cè)試結(jié)果,總分超過160分的即為心理健康水平低的人群,篩選出SCL-90自評(píng)量表總得分最高,即心理健康水平最低的15名老人作為實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)對(duì)象,在進(jìn)行體育鍛煉干預(yù)的過程中,首先,采用理論知識(shí)結(jié)合體育游戲的教學(xué)方法引導(dǎo)老人逐漸進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)狀態(tài),培養(yǎng)老人參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的積極性;其次,采用太極拳、百姓健康舞、門球三個(gè)鍛煉項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行干預(yù)。太極拳干預(yù)是通過太極拳運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)靜結(jié)合,培養(yǎng)老人的平衡能力與控制力;百姓健康舞干預(yù)是運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單且輕度的動(dòng)作加上輕快通俗的音律,放松身心的同時(shí)起到強(qiáng)身健體的功效;門球干預(yù)是通過簡(jiǎn)單輕松的競(jìng)賽方式給老年人提供一個(gè)促進(jìn)合作與身心健康的挑戰(zhàn)機(jī)會(huì);最后是組織實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)后的座談會(huì),了解老人的想法,讓老人體會(huì)體育鍛煉干預(yù)過程中的團(tuán)結(jié)與合作,促進(jìn)人與人之間的交流,提高心理健康水平,以便達(dá)到最好的干預(yù)效果。體育鍛煉干預(yù)后,15位心理健康水平低的老人10項(xiàng)因分子得分都明顯下降,實(shí)驗(yàn)前后出現(xiàn)非常顯著性差異(p0.01),與全國(guó)常模相比,軀體化、人際關(guān)系敏感、焦慮、敵對(duì)的因分子得分均小于全國(guó)常模。通過座談了解到,體育鍛煉干預(yù)后,養(yǎng)老院老人對(duì)參與運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣和積極性提高了,特別是在百姓健康舞和門球運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上表現(xiàn)得更為突出。同時(shí)體育鍛煉對(duì)促進(jìn)老人與同伴、養(yǎng)老院工作人員的人際交往,改善老人的心理健康狀況具有積極的作用。綜上所述,可提出以下建議:(1)養(yǎng)老院以各年齡層為單位,每半年至少舉行兩次關(guān)于對(duì)老人心理健康測(cè)評(píng),第一時(shí)間發(fā)現(xiàn)心理健康水平低的老人,積極引導(dǎo)老人并幫助老人解決所出現(xiàn)的心理或生理問題,并每周或者半個(gè)月舉行一次養(yǎng)老院老人的談話交流會(huì),促進(jìn)同一生活環(huán)境老人的交流與親密度。(2)養(yǎng)老院工作人員應(yīng)根據(jù)不同年齡層、不同性別以及對(duì)體育項(xiàng)目的喜好來(lái)安排相應(yīng)的體育項(xiàng)目,開展豐富多彩的活動(dòng),以便改善老人心理健康,豐富他們的晚年生活,健康養(yǎng)老。(3)社會(huì)體育指導(dǎo)員應(yīng)該多關(guān)注養(yǎng)老院積極參加體育鍛煉的興趣,并結(jié)合老年人群的特點(diǎn)以及對(duì)體育項(xiàng)目的喜好程度給老人制定科學(xué)有效的體育鍛煉計(jì)劃。(4)當(dāng)?shù)卣畽C(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)給養(yǎng)老院提供開展體育鍛煉的硬件設(shè)施,開設(shè)老人感興趣卻還沒開展的體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目。(5)在養(yǎng)老院開設(shè)心理健康咨詢室以及一些輔助治療的心理健康科普講座,使老人正確對(duì)待自己所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的心理健康問題以及身體問題。
[Abstract]:With China's entry into an aging society, more and more attention has been paid to the elderly. In this situation, the problems of the elderly have followed, including physical problems, but also psychological problems. As a special vulnerable group in today's society, the elderly in nursing homes have been widely concerned by the public and the society, and their mental health has become a state of concern. In order to understand the mental health status of the elderly in nursing homes more comprehensively and find appropriate and scientific solutions to the problems in time, SCL-90 Symptom Checklist was used to test 100 elderly people in two nursing homes in central Hunan. The results showed that the elderly in this area could provide for the aged. The scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia and psychoticism of the elderly in the hospital were higher than the national normal level, and there was a very significant difference (P According to the results of the SCL-90 Symptom Checklist, people with a total score of more than 160 are those with a low mental health level, and 15 elderly people with the lowest mental health level are selected as the subjects of intervention. In the process of intervening in physical exercise, firstly, the old people are guided to enter the experimental state gradually by combining theoretical knowledge with sports games teaching method, and the enthusiasm of the old people to participate in the experiment is cultivated; secondly, the three exercise items of Taijiquan, people's healthy dance and door ball are used to intervene. To cultivate the balance and control ability of the elderly, the intervention of folk health dance is to relax the body and strengthen the body by using simple and light movements with light and popular rhythm, and to provide a challenge opportunity for the elderly to promote cooperation and physical and mental health through simple and relaxed competition. To organize a symposium after the experimental intervention to understand the ideas of the elderly, so that the elderly can experience the solidarity and cooperation in the process of physical exercise intervention, promote communication between people, improve the level of mental health, so as to achieve the best intervention effect. Compared with the national norm, the scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and hostility were lower than those of the national norm. Through the discussion, it was found that after physical exercise intervention, the old people in nursing homes were more interested and enthusiastic in participating in sports, especially in people's healthy dancing and goalball games. At the same time, physical exercise plays a positive role in promoting the interpersonal communication between the elderly and their peers, and in improving the mental health of the elderly. The first time found that the mental health level of the elderly is low, actively guide the elderly and help the elderly to solve their psychological or physiological problems, and weekly or half a month to hold a conversation and exchange of old people in nursing homes, to promote the same living environment of the elderly exchange and intimacy. (2) nursing home staff should be based on different age groups, different. Gender and preference for sports events to arrange the corresponding sports, carry out a variety of activities in order to improve the mental health of the elderly, enrich their old life, healthy pension. (3) Social sports instructors should pay more attention to the interests of nursing homes to actively participate in physical exercise, combined with the characteristics of the elderly population and sports. Objective To establish a scientific and effective physical exercise program for the elderly. (4) Local government agencies should provide physical exercise facilities for the elderly, and set up physical exercise programs that the elderly are interested in but have not yet carried out. (5) Set up a mental health consultation room in the nursing home as well as some supplementary treatment of popular science lectures on mental health. The elderly treat their mental health problems and physical problems correctly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.8

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本文編號(hào)：2225793