【摘要】：旋轉(zhuǎn)效果是影響鐵餅投擲成績的主要因素,主要從人體-鐵餅系統(tǒng)角動量的視角探討鐵餅投擲過程中系統(tǒng)總角動量以及在各坐標(biāo)軸的分角動量的特征,旨在揭示旋轉(zhuǎn)與成績的關(guān)系。選取了20多年來美國隊(duì)最高水平的比賽中,在同一場比賽、同一名運(yùn)動員投擲最遠(yuǎn)和較差兩投相差5 m多的28位女運(yùn)動員和15位男運(yùn)動員的86投進(jìn)行3D數(shù)據(jù)分析。結(jié)果表明:1)兩種投擲成績差距的主要因素是空氣動力學(xué)距離,占總成績差值的77.45%(女子)、65.43%(男子),因此,應(yīng)該重視提高空氣動力學(xué)距離;2)高水平女子鐵餅運(yùn)動員在投擲較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)比較近時(shí),系統(tǒng)總角動量在左腳離地瞬間、左腳著地瞬間存在顯著性差異(P≤0.023),X軸向負(fù)方向的角動量在左腳離地瞬間、左腳著地瞬間和出手瞬間存在顯著性差異(P≤0.007),Z軸向在左腳著地瞬間和出手瞬間有較大的正旋轉(zhuǎn),存在顯著性差異(P≤0.009);3)高水平男子鐵餅運(yùn)動員在投擲較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)比較近時(shí),左腳著地瞬間,在X軸向負(fù)方向的角動量和Y軸正方向的角動量存在顯著性差異(P≤0.042),系統(tǒng)總角動量在出手瞬間較小,存在顯著性差異(P≤0.043)。結(jié)論:高水平鐵餅運(yùn)動員應(yīng)更重視旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中系統(tǒng)角動量的控制,進(jìn)而提升真空距離和空氣動力學(xué)距離;女運(yùn)動員應(yīng)該控制X軸的負(fù)旋轉(zhuǎn),增大圍繞垂直軸的正旋轉(zhuǎn),即可以采用繼續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的隨前緩沖動作;男運(yùn)動員應(yīng)該控制X軸的旋轉(zhuǎn),增大Y軸和Z軸的正旋轉(zhuǎn),進(jìn)而提升出手效果。
[Abstract]:The rotation effect is the main factor that affects the result of discus throwing. The characteristics of the total angular momentum of the system and the angular momentum of the discus system in the process of discus throwing are discussed from the angle of the angle momentum of the human body and the discus system. The aim is to reveal the relationship between rotation and achievement. In the match of the highest level of the United States team for more than 20 years, in the same match, the same athlete threw the furthest and the worse two more than 5 meters difference between 28 female athletes and 15 male athletes for 3D data analysis. The result shows that the main factor of the difference between the two throwing results is the aerodynamic distance, which accounts for 77.45% (female) and 65.43% (male) of the total score difference. Attention should be paid to improving the aerodynamics distance (2) the total angular momentum of the system is at the moment of the left foot being off the ground when the throwing distance of the high level female discus athletes is relatively close. There was significant difference (P 鈮，

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