【摘要】：研究目的:本研究通過(guò)對(duì)比干預(yù)前后老年人體力變化及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)機(jī)能的變化,探索老年人個(gè)體化低強(qiáng)度健身活動(dòng)方案的科學(xué)性、安全性、實(shí)用性及有效性,將神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)用于老年人身體活動(dòng)中,為健身活動(dòng)方案提供有效的生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ),為拓寬老年人的健身活動(dòng)方法提供依據(jù)。研究方法:以呼和浩特市回民區(qū)西機(jī)務(wù)段41名老年人為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合調(diào)查訪問(wèn)和身體基本機(jī)能測(cè)試,制定并實(shí)施為期三個(gè)月的個(gè)體化活動(dòng)方案,以O(shè)MEGAWAVE系統(tǒng)有氧耐力心率分區(qū)強(qiáng)度作為老年人的活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,測(cè)定干預(yù)前后心臟系統(tǒng)功能指標(biāo),進(jìn)行心率變異性時(shí)域分析和頻域分析;測(cè)定值及應(yīng)激刺激后的腦電壓(OP)和反應(yīng)時(shí)指標(biāo),綜合運(yùn)用上述指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)前后老年人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)機(jī)能的變化。研究結(jié)果:對(duì)老年人進(jìn)行3個(gè)月的活動(dòng)干預(yù)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人各項(xiàng)體力指標(biāo)有顯著性提高,心臟系統(tǒng)功能良性變化者人數(shù)增加,其中自主神經(jīng)達(dá)標(biāo)人數(shù)增加最明顯,干預(yù)后安靜心率平均值顯著降低;時(shí)域指標(biāo)和頻域指標(biāo)都出現(xiàn)良性變化,其中SDNN人數(shù)明顯增加,自主神經(jīng)平衡中迷走神經(jīng)優(yōu)勢(shì)化的人數(shù)顯著增加,TP的均值增加率達(dá)到了39.49%,LF/HF減小到了1.45,自主神經(jīng)平衡狀態(tài)指標(biāo)顯著提高。中樞神經(jīng)可承受運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷人數(shù)變化差異性顯著,心肺氣體交換系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)能力的人數(shù)變化、下丘腦垂體腎上腺軸內(nèi)分泌軸調(diào)節(jié)能力的人數(shù)變化、肝臟解毒系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)能力的人數(shù)變化均表現(xiàn)出差異顯著性。干預(yù)前后平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間顯著減小,從干預(yù)前0.188s的提高至0.166s,干預(yù)前后感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能水平指數(shù)差異顯著,從干預(yù)前4.376的增加至4.541。研究結(jié)論:老年人3個(gè)月的個(gè)體化低強(qiáng)度健身活動(dòng)可增強(qiáng)心臟系統(tǒng)功能,干預(yù)后自主神經(jīng)的張力增加,迷走神經(jīng)的張力增加幅度較大,迷走神經(jīng)和交感神經(jīng)平衡狀態(tài)達(dá)到新的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,但整體功能水平提高,這種新平衡是建立在內(nèi)臟功能良性變化的基礎(chǔ)上。OP值的變化反映中樞神經(jīng)應(yīng)激調(diào)節(jié)能力、承受運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)能力、中樞神經(jīng)興奮性調(diào)節(jié)能力、心肺氣體交換系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)能力、肝臟解毒功能調(diào)節(jié)能力、HPA調(diào)節(jié)能力,這些能力均有所提高,反應(yīng)時(shí)也有所提高,各神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)功能水平以及健康狀態(tài)明顯改善。本研究結(jié)果表明,老年人從事個(gè)體化低強(qiáng)度健身活動(dòng),有利于促進(jìn)老年人中樞神經(jīng)和自主神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的良性變化,干預(yù)效果明顯,具有一定的推廣實(shí)施價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to explore the scientific, safety, practicability and effectiveness of individualized low-intensity exercise program for the elderly by comparing the changes of physical strength and nervous system function before and after intervention. The evaluation of nervous system function is applied to the physical activities of the elderly, which provides an effective physiological basis for the fitness program, and provides the basis for broadening the fitness methods of the elderly. Methods: a three-month individualized program of activities was designed and implemented with 41 elderly people in Huhehaote District of Huhehaote City as the research objects, and combined with investigation visits and basic body function tests, and a three-month program of individualized activities was designed and implemented in Huhehaote District, Huhehaote City. Heart rate of OMEGAWAVE system was used as activity intensity of old people. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed in time domain and frequency domain by measuring heart system function index before and after intervention. The changes of nervous system function of the elderly before and after exercise intervention were evaluated by measuring the values of (OP) and response time index of brain voltage after stress stimulation. Results: after 3 months of intervention, it was found that the physical indexes of the elderly were significantly improved, and the number of patients with benign changes in the heart system was increased, among which the number of autonomic nerves reaching the standard was the most obvious. After intervention, the mean of quiet heart rate decreased significantly, the time domain index and frequency domain index showed benign changes, and the number of SDNN increased significantly. In autonomic nerve balance, the number of vagus dominant increased significantly. The mean increase rate of TP reached 39.49% and LF / HF decreased to 1.45, and the index of autonomic nerve balance state increased significantly. There were significant differences in the number of people who could withstand the exercise load of central nervous system, the changes of the number of persons in the regulating capacity of the cardiopulmonary gas exchange system and the number of people in the regulation of the endocrine axis of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal axis. The changes of the regulating capacity of liver detoxification system showed significant difference. Before and after intervention, the average reaction time decreased significantly, from 0.188s before intervention to 0.166s, and there was significant difference in the functional index of sensorimotor nervous system before and after intervention, from 4.376 before intervention to 4.541. Conclusion: three months of individualized low-intensity exercise can enhance the function of cardiac system and increase the tension of autonomic nerve and vagus nerve after intervention. The balance of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve reached a new dynamic balance, but the whole function level was improved. This new balance is based on the benign change of visceral function. The change of op value reflects the regulation ability of central nervous system stress. The ability to withstand exercise load, to regulate the excitability of the central nervous system, to regulate the cardiopulmonary gas exchange system, and to regulate the liver detoxification function were all increased, and the response time was also increased. The functional level and health status of each neuroregulatory system were significantly improved. The results showed that the elderly engaged in individualized and low-intensity fitness activities were beneficial to promote the benign changes of central nervous and autonomic nervous regulation function of the elderly, and the intervention effect was obvious, and it had certain value of popularizing and implementing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G804.2

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