非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)視域下單縣大洪拳的傳承與發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-26 17:20
【摘要】：民族傳統(tǒng)體育是民族特有的、經(jīng)過歷史的洗禮“取其精華、去其糟粕”傳承下來的民族體育文化的總稱;民族傳統(tǒng)體育凝聚了一個(gè)國家和民族的靈魂,代表著國家和民族的傳統(tǒng)體育文化。[1]大洪拳是國家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),是我國獨(dú)有的民族傳統(tǒng)體育文化瑰寶。單縣是有名的“中國武術(shù)之鄉(xiāng)”,早在清文宗咸豐年間大洪拳就流行于單縣一帶,并且延續(xù)至今。單縣大洪拳是極具特色的地方民族傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目,是優(yōu)秀的民族武術(shù)傳統(tǒng)文化,是中國大洪拳的重要組成部分。上世紀(jì)九十年代之后,隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、科技化和外來文化的沖擊,單縣人民對大洪拳的了解越來越少。一些老拳師的相繼去世,單縣大洪拳的傳承與發(fā)展開始走下坡路,甚至面臨失傳的境地。隨著國家對非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的重視,2014年單縣大洪拳被列入山東省菏澤市非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄,但是這一民族傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目的傳承與發(fā)展的困境并沒有從根本上解決。有鑒于此,單縣大洪拳的有序傳承和發(fā)展問題堪憂,急需對單縣大洪拳的傳承與發(fā)展方面予以關(guān)注。本文是從非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的視域下,對單縣大洪拳的傳承與發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究,為山東省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)中民族傳統(tǒng)體育的傳承與發(fā)展提供有效的手段和實(shí)踐性的指導(dǎo)。筆者通過文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、田野調(diào)查法、邏輯分析法,從非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)視角,對單縣大洪拳的傳承與發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理與綜合分析,借鑒其他相關(guān)的研究成果,從如下幾方面進(jìn)行了探索:首先對單縣大洪拳的傳承層面和發(fā)展層面進(jìn)行分析。傳承層面主要是從傳承方式、傳承人的文化水平和收入水平、年齡、人們的傳承意識(shí)和外來文化的沖擊進(jìn)行分析;發(fā)展層面主要是從外來文化的沖擊、傳播方式、套路創(chuàng)新、協(xié)會(huì)與武館的情況和政府對單縣大洪拳支持力度進(jìn)行分析。其次,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)單縣大洪拳傳承上存在方式單一,傳承人文化水平低和收入低、年齡偏高,人們的傳承意識(shí)淺薄,外來文化影響了人們的選擇意識(shí)等問題;發(fā)展上存在受外來文化的影響,傳播方式跟不上時(shí)代的步伐,創(chuàng)作力度薄弱,協(xié)會(huì)及武館相繼停辦,政府的支持力度不足等問題。因?yàn)閱慰h大洪拳拳師及政府部門沒有引進(jìn)新的傳承方式,也沒有對傳承人進(jìn)行專業(yè)性和文化水平的培養(yǎng),沒有設(shè)置傳承的專項(xiàng)資金,政府的宣傳力度不足和外來文化的沖擊等原因,導(dǎo)致單縣大洪拳的傳承面臨困境。第三,真對以上問題及原因,筆者提出了相應(yīng)的對策:(1)政府管理部門需構(gòu)建宏觀單縣大洪拳管理機(jī)制。制定《單縣大洪拳保護(hù)規(guī)定》,成立協(xié)會(huì),采用“民辦公助”的形式管理單縣大洪拳;設(shè)立扶持單縣大洪拳傳承與發(fā)展專項(xiàng)資金,保障傳承人的生活水平,引進(jìn)專業(yè)人才,鼓勵(lì)參加比賽、表演并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)得獎(jiǎng)?wù)?擴(kuò)大單縣大洪拳的知名度;采用“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”方式和建立培養(yǎng)基地,加強(qiáng)對傳承人的保護(hù)與培養(yǎng);將單縣大洪拳引入校園,開展校本課程,擴(kuò)大單縣大洪拳的知名度和影響力,提高學(xué)生的興趣。(2)單縣武術(shù)文化主管部門可用比賽方式推動(dòng)單縣大洪拳的文化交流。組織全國性的比賽和表演活動(dòng),與其他拳師以武會(huì)友,相互學(xué)習(xí)和交流;開發(fā)多元化宣傳渠道,利用電視媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體轉(zhuǎn)播文化節(jié)、表演、比賽等,加強(qiáng)宣傳力度;借用文化商業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園、體驗(yàn)基地和培訓(xùn)基地等現(xiàn)代商業(yè)營銷模式推廣單縣大洪拳;采用“引進(jìn)來”的方式創(chuàng)新武術(shù)套路。(3)多渠道培養(yǎng)單縣大洪拳傳承人。引入學(xué)校傳承、群體傳承、社會(huì)傳承多種形式,豐富傳統(tǒng)的傳承方式;引進(jìn)專業(yè)型人才,對拳師進(jìn)行專業(yè)知識(shí)和現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo),增強(qiáng)師資力量;靈活運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代教學(xué)方法,完善傳承的系統(tǒng)性和規(guī)范性;整理和完善套路,并建立數(shù)字化文庫。第四,綜合構(gòu)建發(fā)展傳承模式。建立傳承人培養(yǎng)模式、新型知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)模式、博物館模式、舞臺(tái)表演模式、體驗(yàn)式展銷模式、學(xué)校課程教學(xué)模式和文化綜合體模式。最后,提出了動(dòng)靜結(jié)合的建議。靜態(tài)方面制定單縣大洪拳保護(hù)措施,成立單縣大洪拳普查挖掘小組;對單縣大洪拳的傳統(tǒng)套路進(jìn)行錄音、錄像、整理、存檔;開展調(diào)查工作,摸清單縣及周邊縣傳人的狀況及基本套路、師承關(guān)系;開展理論研究,進(jìn)一步挖掘其歷史起源、演變情況和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。動(dòng)態(tài)方面有序培養(yǎng)單縣大洪拳新學(xué)員,搞好傳承,并不斷壯大隊(duì)伍;舉辦各種展覽、表演活動(dòng),擴(kuò)大影響;組織傳人對大洪拳進(jìn)行藝術(shù)性加工,打造區(qū)域特色文化名片。
[Abstract]:The national traditional sports is the national unique, after the historical baptism "takes its essence, removes its dregs" the inheritance national sports culture general name; The National Traditional Sports condenses a country and the national soul, represents the national and the national traditional sports culture. [1] Dahongquan is the national intangible cultural heritage, is our country unique. Shanxian County is a famous "hometown of Chinese Wushu". Dahongquan was popular in Shanxian County as early as the reign of Emperor Wenzong Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and has continued to this day. Since the 1990s, with the development of society, intelligence, networking, science and technology, and the impact of foreign culture, the people of single county have less and less knowledge of Dahongquan. In 2014, Dahongquan was listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Heze City, Shandong Province, but the plight of inheritance and development of this national traditional sports has not been fundamentally solved. Note. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper studies the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shandong Province, providing effective means and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of traditional national sports in intangible cultural heritage. From the perspective of inheritance, this paper combs and analyzes the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County from the following aspects: firstly, the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County are analyzed. People's awareness of inheritance and the impact of foreign culture are analyzed; the development level is mainly from the impact of foreign culture, dissemination methods, routine innovation, Association and Wuguan situation and the government's support for the single county Dahong boxing analysis. Secondly, the study found that the single county Dahong boxing inheritance exists in a single way, inheritance of low cultural level and reception. There are some problems in the development, such as the influence of foreign culture, the way of communication can not keep up with the pace of the times, the weak creativity, the suspension of associations and martial arts halls, and the insufficient support of the government. The departments did not introduce new inheritance methods, nor did they train the inheritors of professional and cultural level, nor did they set up special funds for inheritance, the government's propaganda was insufficient and foreign culture shocks and other reasons, leading to the inheritance of Dahongquan in a single county is facing difficulties. Policies: (1) The government management departments should establish the macro-management mechanism of Dahongquan in single county, formulate < protection regulations of Dahongquan in single county >, set up associations to manage Dahongquan in single county with the form of "private and public assistance"; set up special funds to support the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in single county, ensure the living standards of inheritors, introduce professionals, encourage participation in competitions, etc. Performing and rewarding the winners, expanding the popularity of Dahongquan in Shanxian County; adopting the method of "intellectual property rights" and establishing a training base to strengthen the protection and training of inheritors; introducing Dahongquan in Shanxian County into the campus, carrying out school-based courses, expanding the popularity and influence of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, and enhancing students'interest. (2) The competent department of Wushu culture in Shanxian County may Promote the cultural exchange of Dahongquan in Shanxian County by means of competitions, organize national competitions and performances, learn from and communicate with other boxers by means of martial arts, develop diversified propaganda channels, use television media, network media to broadcast cultural festivals, performances, competitions, etc., and strengthen propaganda efforts; borrow cultural and commercial parks to experience bases and training Training base and other modern commercial marketing model to promote single county Dahongquan; adopt the "imported" way to innovate Wushu routine. (3) Multi-channel training of single county Dahongquan successors. Knowledge training and guidance to enhance the strength of teachers; flexible use of modern teaching methods to improve the inheritance of the system and norms; collate and improve the routine, and establish a digital library. Fourth, comprehensive construction of development and inheritance model. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to combine the dynamic with the static. In the static aspect, it formulates the protective measures of Dahongquan in a single county, establishes a survey and excavation team of Dahongquan in a single county, records, videotapes, collates and archives the traditional routines of Dahongquan in a single county, and carries out investigation to find out the inheritance of Dahongquan in and around counties. Conditions and basic routines, the relationship between teachers and inheritors; carry out theoretical research, further excavate its historical origin, evolution and artistic value. Dynamic aspect of orderly training of new students of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, do a good job of inheritance, and constantly expand the team; hold various exhibitions, performance activities, expand the impact; organize successors to carry out artistic processing of Dahongquan, create a region. Domain characteristic culture card.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G852.12
本文編號(hào)：2205617
[Abstract]:The national traditional sports is the national unique, after the historical baptism "takes its essence, removes its dregs" the inheritance national sports culture general name; The National Traditional Sports condenses a country and the national soul, represents the national and the national traditional sports culture. [1] Dahongquan is the national intangible cultural heritage, is our country unique. Shanxian County is a famous "hometown of Chinese Wushu". Dahongquan was popular in Shanxian County as early as the reign of Emperor Wenzong Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and has continued to this day. Since the 1990s, with the development of society, intelligence, networking, science and technology, and the impact of foreign culture, the people of single county have less and less knowledge of Dahongquan. In 2014, Dahongquan was listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Heze City, Shandong Province, but the plight of inheritance and development of this national traditional sports has not been fundamentally solved. Note. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper studies the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shandong Province, providing effective means and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of traditional national sports in intangible cultural heritage. From the perspective of inheritance, this paper combs and analyzes the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County from the following aspects: firstly, the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County are analyzed. People's awareness of inheritance and the impact of foreign culture are analyzed; the development level is mainly from the impact of foreign culture, dissemination methods, routine innovation, Association and Wuguan situation and the government's support for the single county Dahong boxing analysis. Secondly, the study found that the single county Dahong boxing inheritance exists in a single way, inheritance of low cultural level and reception. There are some problems in the development, such as the influence of foreign culture, the way of communication can not keep up with the pace of the times, the weak creativity, the suspension of associations and martial arts halls, and the insufficient support of the government. The departments did not introduce new inheritance methods, nor did they train the inheritors of professional and cultural level, nor did they set up special funds for inheritance, the government's propaganda was insufficient and foreign culture shocks and other reasons, leading to the inheritance of Dahongquan in a single county is facing difficulties. Policies: (1) The government management departments should establish the macro-management mechanism of Dahongquan in single county, formulate < protection regulations of Dahongquan in single county >, set up associations to manage Dahongquan in single county with the form of "private and public assistance"; set up special funds to support the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in single county, ensure the living standards of inheritors, introduce professionals, encourage participation in competitions, etc. Performing and rewarding the winners, expanding the popularity of Dahongquan in Shanxian County; adopting the method of "intellectual property rights" and establishing a training base to strengthen the protection and training of inheritors; introducing Dahongquan in Shanxian County into the campus, carrying out school-based courses, expanding the popularity and influence of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, and enhancing students'interest. (2) The competent department of Wushu culture in Shanxian County may Promote the cultural exchange of Dahongquan in Shanxian County by means of competitions, organize national competitions and performances, learn from and communicate with other boxers by means of martial arts, develop diversified propaganda channels, use television media, network media to broadcast cultural festivals, performances, competitions, etc., and strengthen propaganda efforts; borrow cultural and commercial parks to experience bases and training Training base and other modern commercial marketing model to promote single county Dahongquan; adopt the "imported" way to innovate Wushu routine. (3) Multi-channel training of single county Dahongquan successors. Knowledge training and guidance to enhance the strength of teachers; flexible use of modern teaching methods to improve the inheritance of the system and norms; collate and improve the routine, and establish a digital library. Fourth, comprehensive construction of development and inheritance model. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to combine the dynamic with the static. In the static aspect, it formulates the protective measures of Dahongquan in a single county, establishes a survey and excavation team of Dahongquan in a single county, records, videotapes, collates and archives the traditional routines of Dahongquan in a single county, and carries out investigation to find out the inheritance of Dahongquan in and around counties. Conditions and basic routines, the relationship between teachers and inheritors; carry out theoretical research, further excavate its historical origin, evolution and artistic value. Dynamic aspect of orderly training of new students of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, do a good job of inheritance, and constantly expand the team; hold various exhibitions, performance activities, expand the impact; organize successors to carry out artistic processing of Dahongquan, create a region. Domain characteristic culture card.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G852.12
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