【摘要】：研究目的：學(xué)習記憶是大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)重要的功能之一，其由眾多神經(jīng)元協(xié)同作用完成，然而海馬又是大腦學(xué)習記憶的重要機構(gòu)，因此海馬損傷會導(dǎo)致空間學(xué)習記憶障礙。運動對學(xué)習記憶的影響早有報道，但其影響機制卻一直沒有定論。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步，運動對中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響也在不斷的更新。我們借助一些成熟技術(shù)探究運動對中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響機制，可以使我們更加深刻的認識運動的本質(zhì)。海馬CA1區(qū)局部場電位theta節(jié)律與長時程增強（LTP）及學(xué)習記憶有著密切相關(guān)。長期有氧運動對海馬theta節(jié)律的變化是否有影響，目前還鮮有報道。本研究經(jīng)過測試大鼠海馬theta節(jié)律，分析運動對theta節(jié)律的影響，來探討不同負荷運動對學(xué)習記憶的影響機制。 研究對象與方法：本實驗選用雄性Wistar大鼠作為實驗對象，選定實驗對象的體重為220±20g，采購與軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實驗動物中心。隨機分為對照組（CG）、低強度運動組（LG）和高強度運動組（HG），每組12只，共36只。依組分籠飼養(yǎng)，每籠放置6只大鼠，飼養(yǎng)房內(nèi)溫度控制在(23±2)℃，，飼養(yǎng)房相對濕度控制在40%~60%，大鼠在飼養(yǎng)房內(nèi)自由飲水進食、自然晝夜節(jié)律。運動模型：大鼠先進行3天適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練，每天以8m/min速度進行10min適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練，隨后開始4周正規(guī)訓(xùn)練。低負荷運動組為前10min從3m/min到8m/min逐級遞增，8m/min持續(xù)30min，后10min從8m/min到3m/min逐級遞減，共50min；高負荷運動組為前10min從3m/min到25m/min逐級遞增，25m/min至力竭，本運動模型參照Cordova SD等人的運動方案。對照組不進行跑臺運動，但每天也進行兩次抓尾，模仿運動組抓老鼠進入跑臺的動作。正式訓(xùn)練4周結(jié)束后，進行行為學(xué)實驗，觀察大鼠的行為判斷學(xué)習記憶能力變化；最后進行電生理實驗，采集大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)的自發(fā)與誘發(fā)電信號，分析電信號的變化和學(xué)習記憶能力變化的關(guān)系。 研究結(jié)果： 1、行為學(xué)實驗結(jié)果：1）曠場實驗結(jié)果顯示LG大鼠在中央?yún)^(qū)域活動的距離明顯高于CG大鼠和HG大鼠（P0.05），HG大鼠在中央?yún)^(qū)域活動的距離明顯低于CG大鼠（P0.05）；2）Y迷宮自主交替實驗結(jié)果顯示LG大鼠自主交替率明顯高于CG大鼠和HG大鼠（P0.05），而HG大鼠的自主交替率明顯低于CG大鼠（P0.05）； 2、電生理實驗結(jié)果：1）在體局部場電位實驗結(jié)果顯示HG大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)theta節(jié)律功率明顯高于CG大鼠和LG大鼠（P0.05，P0.01），LG大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)theta節(jié)律功率明顯低于CG大鼠（P0.05），各組大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)theta節(jié)律的頻率組間無顯著性差異（P0.05）；2）LTP維持結(jié)果顯示不同負荷運動對大鼠海馬E-LTP和L-LTP均有影響。與對照組相比，LG大鼠在HFS后E-LTP平均斜率維持明顯高于CG大鼠（P0.05），HG大鼠在HFS后E-LTP平均斜率維持明顯低于CG大鼠（P0.05）；在L-LTP實驗中LG大鼠與CG大鼠在平均斜率維持沒有顯著性差異（P0.05）,而HG大鼠在HFS后L-LTP平均斜率維持低于CG大鼠和LG大鼠，具有顯著性差異（P0.05,P0.01）。 研究結(jié)論： 1、適宜的低負荷運動使大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)theta節(jié)律功率降低。 2、高負荷運動使大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)theta節(jié)律功率升高。 3、適宜的低負荷運動促進大鼠海馬LTP的形成，提高學(xué)習記憶能力。 4、高負荷運動抑制大鼠海馬LTP的形成，降低學(xué)習記憶能力。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: Learning and memory is one of the important functions of neural networks in the brain, which is accomplished by many neurons. However, the hippocampus is an important mechanism of learning and memory in the brain, so hippocampal injury can lead to spatial learning and memory disorders. With the advancement of science and technology, the influence of exercise on the central nervous system is constantly updated. We can make a deeper understanding of the essence of exercise by exploring the mechanism of the influence of exercise on the central nervous system with some mature techniques. There is a close relationship between aerobic exercise and theta rhythm in the hippocampus of rats.
Objects and Methods: Male Wistar rats were selected as the experimental subjects. The weight of the subjects was 220 Rats were fed free water and fed in the feeding room. The natural circadian rhythm was observed. Model of exercise: Rats were trained for 3 days at a speed of 8 m/min for 10 minutes each day, and then began 4 weeks of regular training. M / min to 8m / min incremental, 8m / min lasted 30 minutes, then 10 minutes from 8m / min to 3m / min gradually decreased, a total of 50 minutes; high-load exercise group for the first 10 minutes from 3m / min to 25m / min incremental step by step, 25m / min to exhaustion, the exercise model refers to Cordova SD and other people's sports program. The control group did not run on the platform, but also twice a day to catch the tail, imitate the movement. After 4 weeks of formal training, behavioral experiments were conducted to observe the changes of behavior judgment, learning and memory abilities of rats. Finally, electrophysiological experiments were conducted to collect spontaneous and evoked electrical signals in hippocampal CA1 region of rats, and to analyze the relationship between the changes of electrical signals and the changes of learning and memory abilities.
Research findings:
1. Behavioral experiment results: 1) Open-field experiment showed that the distance of LG rats in the central region was significantly higher than that of CG rats and HG rats (P 0.05), the distance of HG rats in the central region was significantly lower than that of CG rats (P 0.05); 2) Y maze experiment showed that LG rats in the autonomous alternation rate was significantly higher than CG rats and HG rats (P 0.05). The spontaneous alternation rate of HG rats was significantly lower than that of CG rats (P0.05).
2. Electrophysiological experiment results: 1) The rhythmic power of theta in hippocampal CA1 region of HG rats was significantly higher than that of CG rats and LG rats (P 0.05, P 0.01), and the rhythmic power of theta in hippocampal CA1 region of LG rats was significantly lower than that of CG rats (P 0.05). Compared with the control group, the average slope of E-LTP in LG rats after HFS was significantly higher than that in CG rats (P 0.05). The average slope of E-LTP in HG rats after HFS was significantly lower than that in CG rats (P 0.05). There was significant difference (P 0.05), but the average L-LTP slope of HG rats was lower than that of CG rats and LG rats after HFS (P 0.05, P 0.01).
Research conclusions:
1, appropriate low load exercise reduced the theta rhythmic power in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats.
2, high load exercise increased the theta rhythmic power in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats.
3, appropriate low load exercise can promote the formation of LTP in hippocampus and improve learning and memory ability in rats.
4, high load exercise inhibited the formation of LTP in hippocampus and reduced learning and memory ability in rats.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G804.2

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