【摘要】：背越式跳高過桿技術(shù)的好壞,主要取決于運(yùn)動(dòng)員在桿上及下桿時(shí)的技術(shù)動(dòng)作和能力,而H3值的大小、大腿與軀干夾角以及下桿速度,都是反映運(yùn)動(dòng)員桿上及下桿技術(shù)動(dòng)作和能力的關(guān)鍵。橫桿與身體重心的水平距離即H4值則主要取決于騰起角和起跳距的合理組合,因此,我們?cè)谌粘＿^桿訓(xùn)練中的重點(diǎn)就要放在縮短H3的距離,加大背弓幅度,縮小大腿與軀干夾角,同時(shí)加快過桿速度,以此來提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的過桿技術(shù)和能力。本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法、錄像分析法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等研究方法對(duì)液體負(fù)重弧形高臺(tái)訓(xùn)練在背越式跳高過桿技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行研究,分析液體負(fù)重弧形高臺(tái)訓(xùn)練對(duì)背越式跳高過桿技術(shù)和能力的影響,探討液體負(fù)重弧形高臺(tái)在背越式跳高過桿專項(xiàng)技術(shù)訓(xùn)練中的應(yīng)用效果、優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足,發(fā)展背越式跳高過桿專項(xiàng)技術(shù)在訓(xùn)練器材方面的研究,提高過桿訓(xùn)練的科學(xué)性和有效性。通過總結(jié)分析,得出以下結(jié)論:1.液體負(fù)重是將傳統(tǒng)沙背心換成水背心,并用橫紋將水分成若干等分,整體形狀類似于救生衣,穿戴既方便又舒適,同時(shí)還可以有效提高過桿技術(shù)及能力。在起跳和上桿過程中,利用水的流動(dòng)性以及液體負(fù)重衣自身重量,加大身體負(fù)荷,提高起跳腿的支撐能力和身體在騰起過程中的平衡能力,增強(qiáng)肌肉對(duì)大負(fù)荷的適應(yīng)能力;在桿上和下桿過程中,加快運(yùn)動(dòng)員過桿速度,縮小H3值,提高H2利用率,并且減小了運(yùn)動(dòng)員軀干與大腿夾角,加大運(yùn)動(dòng)員背弓幅度。這樣就使得運(yùn)動(dòng)員不僅過桿技術(shù)得到改進(jìn),而且過桿能力也有很大提升。2.弧形高臺(tái)是在一級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員四步助跑起跳的助跑弧線基礎(chǔ)上,增加0.3m的高度制作而成的帶有弧度的高臺(tái)�；【�的設(shè)計(jì)是為了使運(yùn)動(dòng)員助跑起跳符合背越式跳高中弧線助跑起跳的技術(shù)動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)、用力特點(diǎn)以及用力方向,而高臺(tái)增加的高度,正好能夠使運(yùn)動(dòng)員在4—5步短距離助跑過桿技術(shù)訓(xùn)練中輕松達(dá)到甚至超過自己的目標(biāo)高度,充分體會(huì)在自己目標(biāo)高度上完成過桿動(dòng)作的空間感。3.液體負(fù)重弧形高臺(tái)訓(xùn)練是弧線助跑,高臺(tái)訓(xùn)練以及液體負(fù)重訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合的“三合一”訓(xùn)練手段,能夠讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員在短距離助跑過桿中充分利用液體負(fù)重衣對(duì)過桿動(dòng)作的改進(jìn),輕松越過目標(biāo)高度,同時(shí)這個(gè)訓(xùn)練手段不僅可以讓專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行桿上訓(xùn)練,也能夠讓已初步掌握背越式跳高過桿技術(shù)動(dòng)作的非專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員改進(jìn)過桿動(dòng)作,使其不用受助跑控制能力和過桿高度的限制。4.通過液體負(fù)重弧形高臺(tái)訓(xùn)練手段進(jìn)行背越式跳高過桿訓(xùn)練較常規(guī)的跳高過桿訓(xùn)練對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員專項(xiàng)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)與專項(xiàng)能力的提高效果更明顯,運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)提升幅度更大。
[Abstract]:The skill of overshoot is mainly determined by the skill and ability of the athletes on and off the pole, and the value of H3, the angle between thighs and torso, and the speed of the lower pole. It is the key to reflect the technical action and ability of the athlete on and off the pole. The horizontal distance between the crossbar and the center of gravity, that is, the value of H4, mainly depends on the reasonable combination of the rising angle and the take-off distance. Therefore, the emphasis of our daily cross-bar training is to shorten the distance of H3 and increase the amplitude of the back bow. The angle between thighs and torso is reduced, and the speed of crossing rod is accelerated to improve the skill and ability of athletes. In this paper, the use of literature, expert interview, experiment, video analysis, mathematical statistics and other research methods to study the application of the liquid load arc training in the cross pole technique of back jump. This paper analyzes on the influence of the liquid load bearing arc platform training on the technology and ability of the backcross type high jump, and probes into the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid load arc platform in the special technical training of the back and overshoot high jump, and discusses the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid bearing arc platform in the special technical training of the back type high jump. In order to improve the science and effectiveness of cross-pole training, the research on training equipment is developed. By summing up and analyzing, we draw the following conclusion: 1. The liquid load is to replace the traditional sand vest with water vest and divide the water into several equal parts with horizontal lines. The whole shape is similar to that of the lifejacket. It is convenient and comfortable to wear, and it can also effectively improve the technology and ability of crossing the rod. In the process of take-off and upper pole, the fluidity of water and the weight of liquid load coat are used to increase the body load, to improve the support ability of the take-off leg and the balance ability of the body in the process of lifting up, and to enhance the adaptability of the muscles to the heavy load. In the process of upper and lower pole, the speed of crossing rod is accelerated, the value of H _ 3 is reduced, the utilization ratio of H _ 2 is improved, and the angle between trunk and thigh is reduced, and the amplitude of back bow of athletes is increased. In this way, the athletes not only improved their cross-pole skills, but also improved their ability. 2. 2. The arc platform is a kind of platform with Radian which is made by adding 0.3m height on the basis of the four steps take-off curve of the first-grade athletes. The arc is designed to make the take-off accord with the technical action structure, the characteristics of the force and the direction of the force, and the height of the platform. At the same time, athletes can easily reach or even exceed their target height in the technical training of 4-5 step sprinting through the pole, and fully realize the space feeling of completing the pole movement on their target height. The "three-in-one" training method of the "three in one" training combined with the arc line run-up, platform training and liquid load training enables athletes to make full use of the liquid load clothing to improve the movement of the rod in the short distance run-up. Easily crossing the target height, at the same time, this training method can not only allow professional athletes to train on the pole, but also enable the non-professional athletes who have initially mastered the technical movements of the back-and-over high jump to improve their cross-pole movements. So that it does not have to run-up control ability and the height of the bar restrictions. 4. Compared with the conventional high jump training, the improvement of special technique and special ability of athletes is more obvious, and the range of improvement of sports achievement is larger.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G823.1

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