【摘要】：平衡能力是身體素質(zhì)指標(biāo)之一,對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能和身體健康有重要影響;靜態(tài)平衡能力是人體維持站立行走和穩(wěn)定的完成各種動(dòng)作的重要保障。靜態(tài)平衡能力是維持靜態(tài)姿勢(shì)穩(wěn)定的能力,控制身體重心在支撐面上保持穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的能力�，F(xiàn)有靜態(tài)平衡能力測(cè)試方法通過壓力中心變化特征評(píng)價(jià),沒有采用重心變化特征進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)眾多不統(tǒng)一,缺少信度和效度較高的指標(biāo);基本采用單一項(xiàng)目和單一指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià),缺乏綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。為了解決現(xiàn)有測(cè)試方法存在的問題,依據(jù)靜態(tài)平衡能力測(cè)試?yán)碚?本研究首先設(shè)計(jì)了體感交互環(huán)境下測(cè)試人體靜態(tài)平衡能力的睜眼雙足站立、閉眼雙足站立、睜眼單足站立和閉眼單足站立4個(gè)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。然后,開發(fā)了基于體感交互設(shè)備Kinect的靜態(tài)平衡能力測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)記錄測(cè)試過程中的人體25個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)位置和重心位置數(shù)據(jù),通過重心擺動(dòng)長(zhǎng)度、重心擺動(dòng)速度、重心擺動(dòng)幅度和重心擺動(dòng)面積等10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)靜態(tài)平衡能力,將評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)結(jié)果直接反饋給用戶,實(shí)現(xiàn)了過程化測(cè)評(píng)和實(shí)時(shí)反饋測(cè)評(píng)。最后,為了檢驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的信度和效度,本研究對(duì)14名健康的大學(xué)生實(shí)施了重復(fù)測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)和同時(shí)測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:基于體感交互設(shè)備Kinect的靜態(tài)平衡能力測(cè)試結(jié)果具有較好的內(nèi)部一致性信度、重測(cè)信度和同時(shí)效度。評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)具有較好的信度和效度,能夠可靠和有效地評(píng)價(jià)靜態(tài)平衡能力。為了更加全面綜合的評(píng)價(jià)靜態(tài)平衡能力,我們依據(jù)以上10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)和4個(gè)項(xiàng)目構(gòu)建了一個(gè)靜態(tài)平衡能力的綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)模型。首先對(duì)南京市花園中學(xué)55名學(xué)生測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行變異系數(shù)計(jì)算得到不同項(xiàng)目和指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。然后,應(yīng)用加權(quán)線性和法合成各個(gè)項(xiàng)目和指標(biāo),建立了綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)模型。最后,將綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)值與專家評(píng)分比較,結(jié)果表明:綜合指標(biāo)值越高,靜態(tài)平衡能力越差,綜合指標(biāo)值越低,靜態(tài)平衡能力越好;綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)能準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)受試者的靜態(tài)平衡能力,而且綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)區(qū)分度比專家評(píng)分更好,對(duì)靜態(tài)平衡能力較好者評(píng)分更加準(zhǔn)確,并且區(qū)分性和靈敏性更好。本研究完成了基于體感交互的靜態(tài)平衡能力測(cè)評(píng)方法,建立了綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了客觀量化的測(cè)評(píng),為學(xué)生平衡能力發(fā)展和體質(zhì)健康提供評(píng)價(jià)依據(jù)和更加準(zhǔn)確、方便的測(cè)評(píng)方法。該方法不僅是價(jià)格合理操作簡(jiǎn)單,而且是自由非接觸的測(cè)評(píng),可以廣泛應(yīng)用在中小學(xué)平衡能力測(cè)評(píng)方面。
[Abstract]:Balance ability is one of the indicators of physical fitness, which has an important impact on sports skills and physical health, and static balance ability is an important guarantee for the human body to maintain standing and walk and to complete all kinds of movements stably. Static balance ability is the ability to maintain static posture stability, control the body center of gravity on the support surface to maintain a stable state. The existing static balance ability test methods are evaluated by the characteristics of pressure center change, but not by the change of center of gravity, and there are many different evaluation indexes, which are lack of high reliability and validity. The basic use of single project and single index evaluation, the lack of comprehensive evaluation indicators. In order to solve the problems existing in the existing testing methods, according to the theory of static balance ability testing, this study first designed open eyes bipedal standing and closed eyes bipedal standing to test the static balance ability of human body under the interactive environment of somatosensory. Standing on one foot with open eyes and standing on one foot with closed eyes were 4 test items. Then, a static balance capability evaluation system based on Kinect is developed. The system can record the data of 25 joints and center of gravity in real time. The static balance ability is evaluated by 10 indexes, such as the length of gravity center swing, the velocity of gravity center swing, the amplitude of gravity center swing and the area of gravity center swing. The evaluation results are directly fed back to the users, and the process evaluation and real-time feedback evaluation are realized. Finally, in order to test the reliability and validity of the evaluation index, this study carried out repeated tests and simultaneous tests on 14 healthy college students. The results show that the static balance ability test results based on Kinect have good internal consistency reliability retest reliability and simultaneous validity. The evaluation index has good reliability and validity, and can evaluate the static balance ability reliably and effectively. In order to evaluate the static balance ability more comprehensively, we constructed a comprehensive evaluation index model of static balance ability according to the above 10 indexes and 4 items. First, 55 students of Nanjing Huayuan Middle School were measured by coefficient of variation to get the weight of different items and indexes. Then, the weighted linear sum method is used to synthesize each item and index, and a comprehensive evaluation index model is established. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation index value is compared with the expert score. The results show that the higher the comprehensive index value is, the worse the static balance ability is, the lower the comprehensive index value is, the better the static balance ability is. The comprehensive evaluation index can accurately evaluate the static balance ability of the subjects, and the discrimination degree of the comprehensive evaluation index is better than the expert score, and the score of the better static balance ability is more accurate, and the discrimination and sensitivity are better. This research has completed the static balance ability evaluation method based on the body sense interaction, has established the comprehensive evaluation index model, has realized the objective quantification appraisal, has provided the appraisal basis and the more accurate for the student balanced ability development and the physique health. Convenient evaluation method. This method is not only simple in price, but also free and non-contact. It can be widely used in the evaluation of balance ability in primary and secondary schools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.64

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