【摘要】：興起于歐洲國家的奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目皮劃艇激流回旋,到如今在我國開展經(jīng)歷了十六年的這項(xiàng)競技體育項(xiàng)目正逐漸被大眾認(rèn)識與接受。本文跟隊(duì)調(diào)查國家激流隊(duì)備戰(zhàn)里約奧運(yùn)周期的技術(shù)訓(xùn)練與常規(guī)訓(xùn)練,文章通過試驗(yàn)測試法、文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談等研究方法,目的是為了總結(jié)我國皮劃艇激流回旋專項(xiàng)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)要素以及探索項(xiàng)目專項(xiàng)技術(shù)分類,同時(shí)總結(jié)出該項(xiàng)目專項(xiàng)典型技術(shù)訓(xùn)練體系與評價(jià)方法。為我國皮劃艇激流回旋理論發(fā)展添磚加瓦,為我國該項(xiàng)目發(fā)展提出些許建議,為推動我國皮劃艇激流回旋運(yùn)動的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供可借鑒依據(jù)。本文研究結(jié)果為:(一)在我國起步較晚的皮劃艇激流回旋運(yùn)動,正集大眾之力量備戰(zhàn)里約奧運(yùn)會,皮劃艇激流回旋國家隊(duì)的進(jìn)一步提高還需體育人共同不懈的努力。就訓(xùn)練技術(shù)而言目前激流隊(duì)冬訓(xùn)延續(xù)體能提高為主,夏訓(xùn)以體能與專項(xiàng)技術(shù)訓(xùn)練為主的訓(xùn)練原則。(二)皮劃艇激流回旋由船槳、水門桿、船艇、運(yùn)動員、水流等五大技術(shù)要素構(gòu)成,激流回旋項(xiàng)目可變因素主要在于水流和水門兩個技術(shù)構(gòu)成要素上,激流回旋項(xiàng)目的專項(xiàng)技術(shù)主要需應(yīng)對該項(xiàng)目可變的技術(shù)基本構(gòu)成要素。其中賽道由漫流、堰流、繞流、跌砍流四種典型水流下形成的“D”、“I”、“J”、“W”、“V”、“O”六中水流形態(tài)組成,在此激流中運(yùn)動員要根據(jù)水流實(shí)際特點(diǎn)過浪、壓浪、利用水流、選擇合適下槳位置、出槳距離與頻率等,形成激流回旋專項(xiàng)技術(shù)和典型水門技術(shù)。(三)根據(jù)皮劃艇激流回旋專項(xiàng)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)要素,可將皮劃艇激流回旋技術(shù)分為基本劃船技術(shù)5大類20小類,應(yīng)對水門技術(shù)3大類8小類,應(yīng)對激流賽道水流技術(shù)3大類等。(四)皮劃艇激流回旋專項(xiàng)典型技術(shù),逆水門技術(shù)、順?biāo)T技術(shù)和兩門折轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù)的訓(xùn)練,揉合于國家激流隊(duì)專項(xiàng)技術(shù)訓(xùn)練體系之中。包括靜水中的有門技術(shù)訓(xùn)練和無門技術(shù)訓(xùn)練;激流中的有門分段與全程技術(shù)訓(xùn)練、專門性水門技術(shù)訓(xùn)練以及無門競速訓(xùn)練;陸上表象訓(xùn)練等。(五)理論發(fā)展階段的激流專項(xiàng)典型技術(shù)評價(jià),文章對其采用了一般評價(jià)法中定性評價(jià)與定量評價(jià)相結(jié)合。其中主要為全程或分段績評、運(yùn)動員靜水測試評價(jià),結(jié)合教練員定性技術(shù)評價(jià)包括船艇運(yùn)動表現(xiàn)評價(jià)和水流利用評價(jià)。
[Abstract]:Kayaking, an Olympic event rising in Europe, is now being recognized and accepted by the public after 16 years of running in our country. This paper follows the team to investigate the technical training and routine training of the National Torrent team in preparation for the Rio Olympic Games. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the structural elements of the kayak jet gyroscope in China and to explore the classification of the special technology of the project, and to sum up the training system and evaluation method of the project. It can be used as a reference for the development of the kayak torsion theory in our country, and some suggestions for the development of this project in our country, as well as for the further development of the kayak torsion motion in our country. The results of this paper are as follows: (1) the kayak rapids, which started late in our country, are gathering mass strength to prepare for the Rio Olympic Games, and the further improvement of kayak rapids roundabout national team still needs the joint unremitting efforts of the sportsmen. As far as training technique is concerned, the training principle of training in summer is based on physical ability and special technical training. (2) the kayak jet swing is composed of five technical elements, such as the paddle, the watergate pole, the boat, the athlete and the water flow, and the variable factors of the rapids gyroscope are mainly the two technical components of the water flow and the water gate. The special technology of the torrent project needs to deal with the basic components of the variable technology of the project. The track consists of "D", "I", "J", "W", "V" and "O" in four typical flows, namely, overflowing, Weir flow, circumferential flow and falling and chopping flow, which are formed in the form of "D", "I", "J", "W", "V" and "O". In this rapids, athletes should use the current to choose the proper position, distance and frequency of the paddle according to the actual characteristics of the current, to form the special technology of jet current gyroscope and the typical water gate technology, using the water flow to choose the appropriate position of the lower oar, the distance and the frequency of the paddle, etc. (3) according to the structural elements of kayak rapids gyroscope, the kayak slalom technique can be divided into 5 categories and 20 subclasses, 3 types and 8 subclasses of watergate technology, and 3 categories of water flow technology of rapids track. (4) the training of canoeing special typical technique, reverse water gate technique, water gate technique and two twisting techniques are combined in the special technical training system of the national jet current team. It includes portal technique training in still water, gate segment training and whole process technical training in rapids, special water gate technique training and gate race training, land appearance training, etc. (5) the typical technical evaluation of jet current in the stage of theoretical development, the paper adopts the combination of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation in the general evaluation method. It mainly includes the whole process or segmental performance evaluation, athletes' static water test evaluation, combined with the coaches' qualitative technical evaluation, including boat performance evaluation and water flow utilization evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G861.4

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