【摘要】：足球裁判員作為足球比賽中不可或缺的一部分,其執(zhí)裁是根本,執(zhí)裁水平的高低對比賽的最終走向具有一定的影響,提高裁判員執(zhí)裁水平也是適應(yīng)足球技、戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平不斷發(fā)展的重要途徑之一。裁判員隊(duì)伍作為足協(xié)的重要組成部分,所屬裁判員作為未來中國足球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽的后備力量,提升裁判員執(zhí)裁水平有利于提升四川省足球協(xié)會整體形象,進(jìn)而提升四川省足球裁判員在中國足球協(xié)會的地位,也為四川省足球裁判員以及中國足協(xié)職業(yè)聯(lián)賽裁判員未來的發(fā)展奠定了理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),創(chuàng)造了有利條件。研究采用文獻(xiàn)資料法,問卷調(diào)查法、實(shí)地考察法、專家訪談法,對四川省青少年足球錦標(biāo)賽裁判員的基本情況、執(zhí)裁現(xiàn)狀以及執(zhí)裁過程中存在的問題進(jìn)行了研究,并提出提升執(zhí)裁水平的對策。得出結(jié)論如下:(1)四川省青少年足球錦標(biāo)賽裁判員學(xué)歷以本科為主;從業(yè)人員以高校學(xué)生為主;年齡結(jié)構(gòu)在19—23歲之間居多;裁判員執(zhí)裁待遇以100—200元每天為主,裁判員對酬金滿意度高;裁判員地域分布合理,但執(zhí)裁水平差距大。(2)四川省青少年足球錦標(biāo)賽裁判員缺乏理論學(xué)習(xí);體能訓(xùn)練少,對體能訓(xùn)練重視不足,且訓(xùn)練方法陳舊、單一,缺乏合理性和計(jì)劃性;裁判員年平均執(zhí)裁場次少,執(zhí)裁年限短,執(zhí)裁經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足;四川省足協(xié)裁判員培訓(xùn)班開展較少,培訓(xùn)班數(shù)量和質(zhì)量有待提升;裁判員執(zhí)裁過程中常出現(xiàn)“閱讀”比賽不足,紅黃牌錯判、漏判多,出牌準(zhǔn)確率低;裁判員職業(yè)道德素質(zhì)意識不強(qiáng)。(3)四川省青少年足球錦標(biāo)賽裁判員執(zhí)裁哨音運(yùn)用不合理;執(zhí)裁手勢規(guī)范性不足;裁判員團(tuán)隊(duì)配合默契程度低,缺乏溝通和交流;臨場執(zhí)裁時(shí)心理狀態(tài)不穩(wěn)定且心理壓力調(diào)整能力差,注意力易分散。建議:(1)強(qiáng)化裁判員足球競賽規(guī)則系統(tǒng)性學(xué)習(xí),加強(qiáng)對足球競賽規(guī)則的理解,不斷接收裁判新知識、新理念;裁判員多執(zhí)裁正式足球比賽,不斷積累執(zhí)裁場次;觀摩優(yōu)秀裁判員執(zhí)裁,間接獲取執(zhí)裁經(jīng)驗(yàn);提高裁判員閱讀、分析比賽能力。(2)四川省足協(xié)積極落實(shí)、完善裁判員培訓(xùn)機(jī)制,加大對裁判員的培訓(xùn)及監(jiān)管力度。重視足球裁判員綜合素質(zhì),特別是職業(yè)道德素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng);裁判員強(qiáng)化基本功訓(xùn)練;提高裁判員心理狀態(tài)控制能力和心理壓力調(diào)整能力。(3)對策層面:研讀最新競賽規(guī)則,更新先進(jìn)裁判理念;提高對足球運(yùn)動及足球競賽規(guī)則的理解能力;更新體能訓(xùn)練方法,提高體能訓(xùn)練與現(xiàn)實(shí)比賽的契合度;運(yùn)用先進(jìn)監(jiān)測儀器對執(zhí)裁水平所涉及的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行科學(xué)監(jiān)測,有針對性地提高裁判員執(zhí)裁薄弱環(huán)節(jié);提高臨場應(yīng)變及應(yīng)對沖突事件的能力;提高裁判團(tuán)隊(duì)“四位一體”的協(xié)作能力。
[Abstract]:As an indispensable part of the football match, the football referee is the fundamental, the level of the referee has a certain impact on the final trend of the game, and improving the referee's level is also adapted to the football technology. One of the important approaches to the continuous development of tactical level. As an important part of the Football Association, the referees, as the reserve force of the future China Football Professional League, can promote the overall image of Sichuan Football Association. Furthermore, the promotion of Sichuan football referees in the status of China Football Association, but also for the future development of Sichuan football referees and China Football Association professional league referees laid a theoretical and practical foundation, creating favorable conditions. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, field investigation and expert interview, this paper studies the basic situation of the referees of Sichuan Youth Football Championships, the present situation of the referees and the problems existing in the process of the referees. And put forward the countermeasures to improve the level of judgment. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the referees of Sichuan Junior Football Championship mainly have undergraduate degrees; the employees are mainly college students; the age structure is between 19 and 23 years old; the referees pay 100-200 yuan a day. The referees have high satisfaction with the remuneration, the regional distribution of the referees is reasonable, but there is a wide gap in the judgment level. (2) the referees of the Sichuan Junior Football Championship lack theoretical study, have less physical training, pay less attention to the physical training, and have outdated training methods. Single, lack of rationality and planning, the average number of referees per year is less, the number of referees is short, the experience of referees is insufficient, the training courses of referees of Sichuan Football Association are less, the number and quality of training courses need to be improved. In the process of judging, the referees often have insufficient "reading" matches, wrong judgment of red and yellow cards, many false judgments, low accuracy rate of playing cards, weak sense of professional moral quality of referees. (3) the referee of Sichuan Youth Football Championship is unreasonable in using the referee's referee whistle. Lack of normative judgment gesture; low level of cooperation and tacit understanding of referees, lack of communication and communication; on the spot when the state of mind is unstable and psychological stress adjustment ability is poor, attention is easy to disperse. The suggestions are as follows: (1) strengthen the referees' systematic study of the rules of football competition, strengthen the understanding of the rules of football competitions, and constantly accept new knowledge and new ideas of referees; Observe excellent referees, indirectly obtain experience; improve the referee reading, analysis of the ability. (2) Sichuan Football Association actively implement, improve the referee training mechanism, increase the training and supervision of referees. Attach importance to the training of football referees' comprehensive quality, especially the quality of professional ethics; strengthen the training of basic skills of the referees; improve the referees' ability to control their psychological state and adjust their psychological pressure. (3) Countermeasures: read the latest competition rules, Renew the advanced referee idea, improve the ability to understand the rules of football and football competition, renew the method of physical training, and improve the match degree between physical training and real match. Using advanced monitoring instruments to scientifically monitor the relevant data related to the level of judgment, to improve the referees' weak link of judgment, to improve the ability of responding to the situation and dealing with conflict events, and to improve the ability of the judges to cope with the conflict. Improve the ability of the referee team to cooperate with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843

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