協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練對(duì)青少年男子運(yùn)動(dòng)員跨欄技術(shù)影響的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 12:08
【摘要】：跨欄跑運(yùn)動(dòng)是當(dāng)今世界主要的競(jìng)賽類項(xiàng)目之一，它的歷史悠久而漫長(zhǎng)。跨欄跑運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)具有很高鍛煉身體價(jià)值的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。同時(shí)，在高速的跨欄跑運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要不斷地跨越障礙物，跨欄是當(dāng)今世界田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)中技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)，動(dòng)作要求極其復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。在過去的很多年，我國(guó)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)水平一直落后于世界的先進(jìn)水平，徑賽類項(xiàng)目一直是我國(guó)的短板和弱點(diǎn)，在世界大賽中很少取得過突破。并且，我們黃種人在整個(gè)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上也一直落后于外國(guó)。在2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)跨欄項(xiàng)目的比賽過程中，劉翔的橫空出世，在大家萬(wàn)眾期待之下獲得110欄冠軍。從此，110米跨欄成了人們討論的熱點(diǎn)話題，畢竟它牽動(dòng)著億萬(wàn)中國(guó)人的心。劉翔打破跨欄項(xiàng)目世界記錄之后，同時(shí)使得跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目也得到了廣大人民群眾的喜愛，掀起了一股小高潮。跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)對(duì)身體要求、技術(shù)要求極高的運(yùn)動(dòng)，它要求人們的全身身體動(dòng)作要協(xié)調(diào)配合，動(dòng)作要一致連貫。在快速的跨欄跑過程中任何一點(diǎn)多余的動(dòng)作都可能會(huì)影響你跨欄成績(jī)。在世界激烈的跨欄跑比賽運(yùn)動(dòng)過程之中，要求運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體的各個(gè)部位，各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)，各個(gè)動(dòng)作都要連貫配合，包括身體的各項(xiàng)素質(zhì)（速度、力量、耐力、柔韌、靈敏）以及身體的協(xié)調(diào)平衡能力，這幾項(xiàng)素質(zhì)是相互影響，相互抑制、互相作用。運(yùn)動(dòng)員不能忽視其中任何一項(xiàng)。然而，身體的協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練在這些身體素質(zhì)的訓(xùn)練過程之中起著舉足輕重，無(wú)可替代的作用。協(xié)調(diào)性運(yùn)動(dòng)是人的整個(gè)訓(xùn)練過程之中最基本的也是最重要的身體訓(xùn)練，對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)起著無(wú)可替代的作用。它將關(guān)系到運(yùn)動(dòng)員良好競(jìng)技訓(xùn)練水平的呈現(xiàn)，以及跨欄項(xiàng)目成績(jī)的提高。在激烈的跨欄跑運(yùn)動(dòng)競(jìng)賽當(dāng)中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員要想取得比賽的優(yōu)勝，必須在欄上要持有最大限度的水平向前速度，減少在豎直方向上的速度流失，將所有的速度集中在水平方向的速度上，使身體重心以最平穩(wěn)的身體狀態(tài)向前運(yùn)行，避免身體重心忽高忽低，進(jìn)而制約著運(yùn)動(dòng)員正常的跨欄速度。運(yùn)動(dòng)員在進(jìn)行跨欄比賽和訓(xùn)練時(shí)，身體在欄上要始終保持平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)，上體要保持微前傾，兩臂擺臂自然，擺動(dòng)腿在通過欄架過程中要主動(dòng)的前伸下壓，起跨腿要以最快的速度提拉向前�？傊跈谏仙眢w要始終以最快的速度、最具爆發(fā)力的力量和最平穩(wěn)的身體重心狀態(tài)通過，要想完成以上的動(dòng)作要求規(guī)格，這對(duì)于任何一個(gè)跨欄項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，身體的協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練在其中間起著重中之重的關(guān)鍵作用。 青少年時(shí)期是身體的各項(xiàng)素質(zhì)發(fā)展最好的黃金時(shí)期，在這個(gè)年齡階段身體的各方面技能都處于快速上升時(shí)期，青少年的協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練也毫不例外。在這個(gè)年齡段身體的協(xié)調(diào)性甚至超過成年人。很多優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員到了成年之后，身體各方面都已成型，繼續(xù)努力練習(xí)身體的協(xié)調(diào)性，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)也很少有提高。并且，現(xiàn)在在很多跨欄專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練隊(duì)，他們很少重視協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練對(duì)于跨欄技術(shù)提高的研究，他們只是在身體素質(zhì)速度、力量、耐力等方面下功夫，而忽視了協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練這個(gè)最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，所以他們的成績(jī)提得很慢。協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練對(duì)每一位跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，都是不可忽視的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容，它能促使運(yùn)動(dòng)員在欄上保持身體重心的平穩(wěn)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員只有在欄上保持很好的平衡感，才能保證以最快的速度過欄。 本篇論文主要研究的是協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練對(duì)青少年男子運(yùn)動(dòng)員跨欄技術(shù)的影響，通過對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，使得運(yùn)動(dòng)技術(shù)得到相應(yīng)的改善，從而為運(yùn)動(dòng)員奪取比賽優(yōu)勝開創(chuàng)條件。我們要從青少年這一代開始，為我們國(guó)家以后的體育人才的選取打下基礎(chǔ)，為我國(guó)的田徑項(xiàng)目盡自己的一點(diǎn)微薄之力。本文是以淄博市淄川第一中學(xué)的15—17歲的男子跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組，進(jìn)行為期12周的訓(xùn)練。實(shí)驗(yàn)組是在對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)上加入了多種身體協(xié)調(diào)性的訓(xùn)練，對(duì)照組則是和往常一樣的傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行技術(shù)測(cè)評(píng)，成績(jī)對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組在跨欄成績(jī)和跨欄技術(shù)上都有所提高，但實(shí)驗(yàn)組提高的更加明顯。 研究結(jié)論和建議:運(yùn)動(dòng)員通過短短12周的身體協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練，實(shí)驗(yàn)組的運(yùn)動(dòng)員跨欄技術(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)有明顯的提高。這說明協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練對(duì)于青少年男子運(yùn)動(dòng)員跨欄技術(shù)的提高起著極其關(guān)鍵的作用。這就要求我們?cè)诮窈蟮目鐧陧?xiàng)目訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)中，，必須要加大身體動(dòng)作的協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練，并且要把協(xié)調(diào)性訓(xùn)練加入到傳統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練過程之中，逐步地改善，逐步地適應(yīng)新訓(xùn)練方式。我們一定要抓住青少年的這個(gè)黃金時(shí)期，不斷地提高，不斷創(chuàng)造奇跡，使我國(guó)的跨欄項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)人才輩出。
[Abstract]:Hurdling is one of the main competitions in the world. Its history is long and long. Hurdling is a sport with high physical value. At the same time, in the high speed hurdle race, the athletes need to cross the obstacles constantly. The hurdles are more technical and dynamic in today's world track and field sports. In the past many years, our country's track and field level has been lagging behind the advanced level of the world. Track events have always been the short boards and weaknesses of our country, and few breakthroughs have been made in the world competitions. During the race of the Olympic Games hurdles, Liu Xiang was born and won the 110 hurdles. Since then, the 110 meter hurdles have become a hot topic of discussion. After all, it has touched hundreds of millions of Chinese people. After Liu Xiang broke the world record of the hurdles, it also made the hurdles Sports projects a large number of people. The love of the people has set off a small climax. The hurdles movement is a sport for the physical requirements and high technical requirements. It requires the coordination and consistency of the body's body movements. In the fast hurdle race, any extra movement can affect the hurdles in the world. In the course of running a race, each part of the body, every joint, and every movement should be combined together, including the qualities of the body (speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, sensitivity) and the balance of the body. These qualities are mutually reacting, mutual restraining and interacting. Athletes can not ignore any of them. However, the coordination training of the body plays an important and irreplaceable role in the training process of these physical qualities. The coordination movement is the most basic and most important body training in the whole process of human training. It plays an irreplaceable role in the skills of the athletes to learn sports. In the fierce hurdles competition, the athletes must hold the maximum horizontal forward speed, reduce the velocity loss in the vertical direction, and concentrate all the speed in the horizontal direction in the fierce hurdle race. On the other hand, the body's center of gravity is running in the most stable state of body, avoiding the body's center of gravity, which will restrict the normal hurdle speed of the athlete. In the hurdle race and training, the body should keep steady on the bar, the upper body should keep slightly forward, the arms swing the arm naturally, and the swinging leg is through the column. To take the active forward and downward pressure, lift the cross leg at the fastest speed. In a word, the body should always pass the fastest speed, the most explosive force and the most stable body center of gravity, and want to complete the above specifications. For any hurdler, the body's coordination training is in the field. Among them, the key role is to focus on the middle weight.
Adolescence is the best golden age for various qualities of the body. At this age, all aspects of the body's skills are in a period of rapid rise, and the coordination training for teenagers is no exception. In this age, the coordination of the body is even more than the adult. Many excellent athletes have come to adulthood and all aspects of their bodies. They are all formed, continue to work hard to practice the coordination of the body, and the performance is rarely improved. And now in many hurdles professional training teams, they seldom pay attention to the research on the improvement of hurdles. They are only working hard on the speed, strength, and endurance of the body, but ignore the most coordinated training. The important link, so their results are very slow. Coordination training for every hurdler is a training content that can not be ignored. It can encourage the athletes to maintain the balance of the center of gravity on the hurdles. The athletes only keep a good sense of balance on the hurdles, and can guarantee the fastest speed of passing the hurdles.
This paper mainly studies the influence of coordination training on the hurdles technology of young men and athletes. Through the training of the coordination of the athletes, the sports technology can be improved so that the athletes will win the winning conditions. We should start from this generation of young people and serve as the sports talents after our country. In this paper, the 15 - 17 year old male hurdler in Zichuan No. 1 middle school in Zibo was divided into experimental group and control group for 12 weeks. The experimental group was based on a variety of body associations on the basis of the traditional trainer training. When the control group was trained, the control group was the same traditional training as usual. After the experiment, the technical evaluation and comparison of the results showed that the experimental group and the control group had improved the hurdles and hurdles technology, but the experimental group improved more obviously.
Research conclusions and suggestions: athletes through 12 weeks of physical coordination training, the experimental group athletes hurdles technology, sports performance has a significant improvement. This shows that the coordination of training for young men athletes hurdles improvement plays an extremely key role. This requires us to train and practice in the hurdles in the future. In the middle, we must strengthen the coordination training of the body movement, and add the coordination training into the traditional training process, gradually improve, and gradually adapt to the new training mode. We must seize this golden age of young people, constantly improve and create miracles, so that the hurdles project of our country will continue to come forth in large numbers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G822.6
本文編號(hào)：2133467
[Abstract]:Hurdling is one of the main competitions in the world. Its history is long and long. Hurdling is a sport with high physical value. At the same time, in the high speed hurdle race, the athletes need to cross the obstacles constantly. The hurdles are more technical and dynamic in today's world track and field sports. In the past many years, our country's track and field level has been lagging behind the advanced level of the world. Track events have always been the short boards and weaknesses of our country, and few breakthroughs have been made in the world competitions. During the race of the Olympic Games hurdles, Liu Xiang was born and won the 110 hurdles. Since then, the 110 meter hurdles have become a hot topic of discussion. After all, it has touched hundreds of millions of Chinese people. After Liu Xiang broke the world record of the hurdles, it also made the hurdles Sports projects a large number of people. The love of the people has set off a small climax. The hurdles movement is a sport for the physical requirements and high technical requirements. It requires the coordination and consistency of the body's body movements. In the fast hurdle race, any extra movement can affect the hurdles in the world. In the course of running a race, each part of the body, every joint, and every movement should be combined together, including the qualities of the body (speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, sensitivity) and the balance of the body. These qualities are mutually reacting, mutual restraining and interacting. Athletes can not ignore any of them. However, the coordination training of the body plays an important and irreplaceable role in the training process of these physical qualities. The coordination movement is the most basic and most important body training in the whole process of human training. It plays an irreplaceable role in the skills of the athletes to learn sports. In the fierce hurdles competition, the athletes must hold the maximum horizontal forward speed, reduce the velocity loss in the vertical direction, and concentrate all the speed in the horizontal direction in the fierce hurdle race. On the other hand, the body's center of gravity is running in the most stable state of body, avoiding the body's center of gravity, which will restrict the normal hurdle speed of the athlete. In the hurdle race and training, the body should keep steady on the bar, the upper body should keep slightly forward, the arms swing the arm naturally, and the swinging leg is through the column. To take the active forward and downward pressure, lift the cross leg at the fastest speed. In a word, the body should always pass the fastest speed, the most explosive force and the most stable body center of gravity, and want to complete the above specifications. For any hurdler, the body's coordination training is in the field. Among them, the key role is to focus on the middle weight.
Adolescence is the best golden age for various qualities of the body. At this age, all aspects of the body's skills are in a period of rapid rise, and the coordination training for teenagers is no exception. In this age, the coordination of the body is even more than the adult. Many excellent athletes have come to adulthood and all aspects of their bodies. They are all formed, continue to work hard to practice the coordination of the body, and the performance is rarely improved. And now in many hurdles professional training teams, they seldom pay attention to the research on the improvement of hurdles. They are only working hard on the speed, strength, and endurance of the body, but ignore the most coordinated training. The important link, so their results are very slow. Coordination training for every hurdler is a training content that can not be ignored. It can encourage the athletes to maintain the balance of the center of gravity on the hurdles. The athletes only keep a good sense of balance on the hurdles, and can guarantee the fastest speed of passing the hurdles.
This paper mainly studies the influence of coordination training on the hurdles technology of young men and athletes. Through the training of the coordination of the athletes, the sports technology can be improved so that the athletes will win the winning conditions. We should start from this generation of young people and serve as the sports talents after our country. In this paper, the 15 - 17 year old male hurdler in Zichuan No. 1 middle school in Zibo was divided into experimental group and control group for 12 weeks. The experimental group was based on a variety of body associations on the basis of the traditional trainer training. When the control group was trained, the control group was the same traditional training as usual. After the experiment, the technical evaluation and comparison of the results showed that the experimental group and the control group had improved the hurdles and hurdles technology, but the experimental group improved more obviously.
Research conclusions and suggestions: athletes through 12 weeks of physical coordination training, the experimental group athletes hurdles technology, sports performance has a significant improvement. This shows that the coordination of training for young men athletes hurdles improvement plays an extremely key role. This requires us to train and practice in the hurdles in the future. In the middle, we must strengthen the coordination training of the body movement, and add the coordination training into the traditional training process, gradually improve, and gradually adapt to the new training mode. We must seize this golden age of young people, constantly improve and create miracles, so that the hurdles project of our country will continue to come forth in large numbers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G822.6
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