中老年人群肘、膝關節(jié)肌肉群運動能力的增齡性變化特征及性別差異
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-13 11:10
【摘要】：目的:探討我國45歲至64歲中老年人肘關節(jié)和膝關節(jié)肌肉力量增齡性變化的特征,包括最大肌肉力量、肌肉爆發(fā)力、肌肉耐力的增齡性變化特征;以及同一年齡階段男性和女性最大肌肉力量、肌肉爆發(fā)力、肌肉耐力的增齡性變化的對比與分析。以期對我國中老年人肘關節(jié)和膝關節(jié)肌肉運動能力方面的數據采集及統(tǒng)計提供依據。方法:在所有受試對象完全自愿的前提下,我們對總共246名45至64歲的中老年志愿者進行了肌肉力量及身體形態(tài)指標等數據的測量,其中男性120人,女性126人。采用課題組自主研發(fā)的數字化等長肌肉收縮功能檢測系統(tǒng),分別對男性志愿者及女性志愿者進行肌肉力量等長肌力測試,測試肌群包括左右肘關節(jié)屈肌及伸肌、左右膝關節(jié)屈肌及伸肌。測試內容包括最大肌力、爆發(fā)力、肌肉耐力的測試,同時采集受試者身體形態(tài)指標(包括體重、瘦體重、上臂圍度及大腿圍度)。我們對不同年齡段各肌肉群的運動能力數據進行了描述性統(tǒng)計分析、隨年齡變化的趨勢分析、各因子間的相關性及相關網絡分析、方差分析及不同年齡段間的多重比較,最后基于PCA分析了影響各肌肉群運動能力的主要因素及其性別差異。結果:(1)基本描述性統(tǒng)計揭示所研究樣本中中老年各男女性人群基本形態(tài)指標在各年齡區(qū)間段差異不大,縱跳摸高與立定跳遠在最小年齡組和最大年齡組間的差異最大;肌肉力量普遍隨年齡增大而降低,男性群體左右側差別明顯,女性左右側差異不大,普遍男女性左側膝關節(jié)伸肌變化幅度相對較大,男性左臂肘關節(jié)伸肌變化幅度大,45~49歲年齡段膝關節(jié)肌肉力量相對變化幅度最大,而肘關節(jié)肌群則在50~54歲年齡段;左側膝關節(jié)伸肌爆發(fā)力相對最大,爆發(fā)力-時間曲線普遍上升趨勢但在100ms呈現顯著爆發(fā)力拐點且55歲之前變化幅度明顯高于50歲之后,全程最大肌肉爆發(fā)力亦隨年齡增大而下降,50~54歲區(qū)間有最大值,最大爆發(fā)力發(fā)生時間點受不同肌群影響較大,肘關節(jié)伸肌和膝關節(jié)屈肌相對穩(wěn)定,男女性群體均在55歲存在較大起伏;肌肉耐力顯示男女群體及左右兩側具有相似特征,普遍膝關節(jié)高于肘關節(jié),伸肌大于屈肌,疲勞系數指標(MFI)顯示左右兩側差異明顯,女性肘關節(jié)肌群更易疲勞,且男女性群體均在60歲左右出現明顯變化。(2)趨勢變化結果顯示:普遍男性群體肌肉力量高于女性群體,并隨年齡增大而呈現先降后升的特征,相對于左側在55歲前后存在相對較大變化,右側增齡性變化節(jié)點稍有提前;肌肉爆發(fā)力均隨年齡增大而逐步下降趨勢,男性下降明顯,男女性群體均膝關節(jié)相對變化幅度稍大,53歲的年齡節(jié)點最大肌肉爆發(fā)力出現時刻趨勢差異大,膝關節(jié)伸肌在所有時間節(jié)點變化最為劇烈;肌肉耐力普遍膝關節(jié)高于肘關節(jié),均年齡增加而下降,明顯的年齡變化節(jié)點女性在55歲左右,男性稍晚約在57歲,此外左右側差異主要體現在膝關節(jié)肌群。(3)相關性分析及相關性網絡顯示力量型指標間相關性極其顯著(p0.001),最大爆發(fā)力出現時間普遍與200ms、250ms時刻對應的最大爆發(fā)力及全程最大爆發(fā)力顯著相關(p0.01),疲勞系數在不同肌群左右側相關性不同,相關性網絡顯示了右側屈肌的肌肉力量與該側肌群爆發(fā)力相關性更為明顯,而伸肌的肌肉力量則與該側爆發(fā)力相對更為明顯。(4)單因素方差結果顯示:女性群體在不同年齡段的差異性指標數量高于男性群體,伸肌高于屈肌,顯著性差異多集中在最小最大年齡組間的比較,男性群體不同年齡段間各肌肉類群運動能力指標的差異性數量很少,顯著性差異不明顯(p0.1)。(5)PCA結果揭示了肌肉群爆發(fā)力相關指標是男女性群體雙側各肌肉類群的最主要影響因素,相應地也是最主要的解釋因素,肘關節(jié)屈肌、膝關節(jié)肌肉類群還受相應疲勞系數的影響,爆發(fā)力相關指標中主要以200ms和250ms的最大爆發(fā)力指標及全程最大爆發(fā)力指標。結論:中老年人群肘關節(jié)、膝關節(jié)肌群的增齡性變化存在肌群差異和性別差異,左右側發(fā)展不均的特點,且不同年齡段區(qū)間變化不一;各指標增齡性的趨勢變化也存在性別差異,左右側不同的一般特征,基本隨年齡增大而呈現降低趨勢,且普遍在55歲前后呈現明顯變化特征;力量型指標相關性最強,肌肉力量在左右兩側及不同肌肉群的顯著差異,右側屈肌的肌肉力量與該側肌群爆發(fā)力相關性更為明顯,而伸肌的肌肉力量則與該側爆發(fā)力相對更為明顯;女性群體在不同年齡段的差異性指標數量高于男性群體,伸肌高于屈肌,50歲和55歲是女性膝關節(jié)伸肌發(fā)生顯著性變化的重要年齡節(jié)點,200ms和250ms的最大爆發(fā)力及全程最大爆發(fā)力指標是男女性群體雙側各肌肉類群的最主要影響因素,相應地也是最主要的解釋因素,其他則表現出性別差異、肘關節(jié)膝關節(jié)差異及左右側差異的特點。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the age-related changes in muscle strength of the elbow and knee joint in Chinese aged 45 to 64 years old, including the characteristics of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance, as well as the comparison and score of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance of male and female at the same age. In order to provide basis for data collection and statistics of elbow and knee muscle movement ability of middle and old people in China. Method: on the premise that all subjects were voluntarily, we measured data of muscle strength and body shape index of 246 middle-aged and old volunteers from 45 to 64 years old, of which 120 men were male. 126 women. Using the digital isometric muscle contraction function test system independently developed by the group, the muscle strength test of the male volunteers and the female volunteers was tested respectively. The muscle groups included the flexor and extensor of the left and right elbow joints, the flexor and extensor of the left and right knees. The test contents included the maximum muscle strength, explosive force, and muscle tolerance. Test the body shape of the subjects (including body weight, lean body weight, upper arm circumference and thigh circumference). We made a descriptive statistical analysis of the movement ability data of different age groups, the trend analysis with age, the correlation among the factors and the related network analysis, the analysis of variance and the age of different ages. The main factors and gender differences were analyzed based on PCA, and the results were as follows: (1) the basic descriptive statistics revealed that the basic morphological indexes of the middle-aged and old men and women in the study samples were not very different in each age range, and the height of the longitudinal jump and the standing jump were the minimum age group and the maximum. The difference between the age groups was the largest, the muscle strength generally decreased with the age, the left and right sides of the male group were obviously different, the left and right sides were not very different. The wide range of the left knee extensor of male and female was relatively large, the elbow joint extensor of the left arm of the male was large, and the relative changes of the muscle strength of the knee joint in the 45~49 age group were the largest. The elbow joint muscle group was at the age of 50~54 years; the explosive force of the left knee joint was the largest, the explosive force time curve was generally rising, but the maximum explosive force turning point in 100ms was significantly higher than that before the age of 55, and the maximum muscle burst force decreased with age, and the maximum value of the 50~54 year was the maximum. The time point of large explosive force is greatly influenced by different muscle groups, the extensor of the elbow joint and the flexor of the knee joint are relatively stable. The male and female groups all have big ups and downs at the age of 55. The muscular endurance shows that the male and female groups and the left and right sides have similar characteristics. The common knee joint is higher than the elbow joint and the extensor is larger than the flexor muscle. The index of fatigue coefficient (MFI) shows about two. The side difference is obvious, the female elbow muscle group is more susceptible to fatigue, and the male and female groups all have obvious changes around 60 years old. (2) the trend change results show that the common male group muscle strength is higher than the female group, and the characteristics of first descending and then rising with the age increase, compared with the left side before and after 55 years of age, there is a relatively large change, the right age of the right age The change node was slightly ahead of time; the muscle explosive force decreased gradually with age, and the male decreased obviously. The relative changes of the knee joint of male and female groups were slightly larger. The maximum muscle explosive force appeared at the age of 53 years, and the knee extensor was the most intense in all time nodes; the muscular endurance was common knee clearance. The age was higher than the elbow joint, the age increased and the age was 55 years old, the male was about 57 years old, and the difference between the left and right side was mainly in the knee muscle group. (3) the correlation analysis and the correlation network showed that the correlation between the strength type index was extremely significant (p0.001), the maximum explosive force appeared in general and 200ms The maximum explosive force corresponding to the 250ms moment and the maximum explosive force were significantly correlated (P0.01). The correlation of the fatigue coefficient was different in the left and right side of the muscle group. The correlation network showed that the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle was more obvious with the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor was more obvious than that of the lateral explosive force. (4) (4) The result of factor variance showed that the number of difference indexes in different age groups was higher than that of the male group, and the extensor was higher than the flexor muscle. The significant difference was mostly concentrated in the minimum age group. The difference in the number of exercise ability indexes between different age groups of male groups was little, and the significant difference was not obvious (P0.1). (5 The results of PCA revealed that the index of muscle group explosive force is the most important factor of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups, and it is also the most important factor of interpretation. The flexor of the elbow joint and the group of knee muscles are also affected by the corresponding fatigue coefficient, and the biggest explosive force index of the explosive force related to the explosive force is the maximum explosive force of 200ms and 250ms. Conclusion: the age-related changes of elbow and knee joint muscle groups in middle and old aged people have differences in muscle group and sex, the characteristics of uneven development of left and right side, and different ages in different ages; the trend of the age of each index also has gender differences, and the general characteristics of the left and right side are basically with age. The strong correlation between the strength index and the muscle strength in the left and right sides and the different muscle groups, the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle is more obvious than the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor muscle is more obvious than that of the 55 year old. The number of differences of the female group in different age groups was higher than that of the male group. The extensor muscle was higher than the flexor. 50 and 55 years old were the important age nodes of the female knee extensors. The maximum explosive force and the maximum explosive force index of 200ms and 250ms were the most important factors of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups. They are also the most important explanatory factors, while others show gender differences, elbow joint differences and left and right side differences.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.26
本文編號：2119152
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the age-related changes in muscle strength of the elbow and knee joint in Chinese aged 45 to 64 years old, including the characteristics of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance, as well as the comparison and score of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance of male and female at the same age. In order to provide basis for data collection and statistics of elbow and knee muscle movement ability of middle and old people in China. Method: on the premise that all subjects were voluntarily, we measured data of muscle strength and body shape index of 246 middle-aged and old volunteers from 45 to 64 years old, of which 120 men were male. 126 women. Using the digital isometric muscle contraction function test system independently developed by the group, the muscle strength test of the male volunteers and the female volunteers was tested respectively. The muscle groups included the flexor and extensor of the left and right elbow joints, the flexor and extensor of the left and right knees. The test contents included the maximum muscle strength, explosive force, and muscle tolerance. Test the body shape of the subjects (including body weight, lean body weight, upper arm circumference and thigh circumference). We made a descriptive statistical analysis of the movement ability data of different age groups, the trend analysis with age, the correlation among the factors and the related network analysis, the analysis of variance and the age of different ages. The main factors and gender differences were analyzed based on PCA, and the results were as follows: (1) the basic descriptive statistics revealed that the basic morphological indexes of the middle-aged and old men and women in the study samples were not very different in each age range, and the height of the longitudinal jump and the standing jump were the minimum age group and the maximum. The difference between the age groups was the largest, the muscle strength generally decreased with the age, the left and right sides of the male group were obviously different, the left and right sides were not very different. The wide range of the left knee extensor of male and female was relatively large, the elbow joint extensor of the left arm of the male was large, and the relative changes of the muscle strength of the knee joint in the 45~49 age group were the largest. The elbow joint muscle group was at the age of 50~54 years; the explosive force of the left knee joint was the largest, the explosive force time curve was generally rising, but the maximum explosive force turning point in 100ms was significantly higher than that before the age of 55, and the maximum muscle burst force decreased with age, and the maximum value of the 50~54 year was the maximum. The time point of large explosive force is greatly influenced by different muscle groups, the extensor of the elbow joint and the flexor of the knee joint are relatively stable. The male and female groups all have big ups and downs at the age of 55. The muscular endurance shows that the male and female groups and the left and right sides have similar characteristics. The common knee joint is higher than the elbow joint and the extensor is larger than the flexor muscle. The index of fatigue coefficient (MFI) shows about two. The side difference is obvious, the female elbow muscle group is more susceptible to fatigue, and the male and female groups all have obvious changes around 60 years old. (2) the trend change results show that the common male group muscle strength is higher than the female group, and the characteristics of first descending and then rising with the age increase, compared with the left side before and after 55 years of age, there is a relatively large change, the right age of the right age The change node was slightly ahead of time; the muscle explosive force decreased gradually with age, and the male decreased obviously. The relative changes of the knee joint of male and female groups were slightly larger. The maximum muscle explosive force appeared at the age of 53 years, and the knee extensor was the most intense in all time nodes; the muscular endurance was common knee clearance. The age was higher than the elbow joint, the age increased and the age was 55 years old, the male was about 57 years old, and the difference between the left and right side was mainly in the knee muscle group. (3) the correlation analysis and the correlation network showed that the correlation between the strength type index was extremely significant (p0.001), the maximum explosive force appeared in general and 200ms The maximum explosive force corresponding to the 250ms moment and the maximum explosive force were significantly correlated (P0.01). The correlation of the fatigue coefficient was different in the left and right side of the muscle group. The correlation network showed that the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle was more obvious with the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor was more obvious than that of the lateral explosive force. (4) (4) The result of factor variance showed that the number of difference indexes in different age groups was higher than that of the male group, and the extensor was higher than the flexor muscle. The significant difference was mostly concentrated in the minimum age group. The difference in the number of exercise ability indexes between different age groups of male groups was little, and the significant difference was not obvious (P0.1). (5 The results of PCA revealed that the index of muscle group explosive force is the most important factor of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups, and it is also the most important factor of interpretation. The flexor of the elbow joint and the group of knee muscles are also affected by the corresponding fatigue coefficient, and the biggest explosive force index of the explosive force related to the explosive force is the maximum explosive force of 200ms and 250ms. Conclusion: the age-related changes of elbow and knee joint muscle groups in middle and old aged people have differences in muscle group and sex, the characteristics of uneven development of left and right side, and different ages in different ages; the trend of the age of each index also has gender differences, and the general characteristics of the left and right side are basically with age. The strong correlation between the strength index and the muscle strength in the left and right sides and the different muscle groups, the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle is more obvious than the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor muscle is more obvious than that of the 55 year old. The number of differences of the female group in different age groups was higher than that of the male group. The extensor muscle was higher than the flexor. 50 and 55 years old were the important age nodes of the female knee extensors. The maximum explosive force and the maximum explosive force index of 200ms and 250ms were the most important factors of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups. They are also the most important explanatory factors, while others show gender differences, elbow joint differences and left and right side differences.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.26
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