發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-02 23:57

  本文選題：賽艇 + 賽前訓(xùn)練　； 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的:(1)研究上海優(yōu)秀男子賽艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo)、血漿兒茶酚胺(CA)和心率變異性(HRV)在14周賽前不同訓(xùn)練階段恢復(fù)期的變化特點(diǎn),分析賽前不同階段訓(xùn)練對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員恢復(fù)期身體機(jī)能狀態(tài)的影響。(2)探究賽前不同訓(xùn)練階段恢復(fù)期運(yùn)動(dòng)員HRV與常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo)及CA之間的關(guān)系,探索將HRV作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員常規(guī)身體機(jī)能狀態(tài)監(jiān)控輔助手段的可能性。研究方法:(1)研究對(duì)象:上海男子賽艇隊(duì)8名公開級(jí)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(2)研究方案:根據(jù)備戰(zhàn)2016年10月全國賽艇錦標(biāo)賽的賽前訓(xùn)練安排,選擇在2016.6.20-2016.9.25不同訓(xùn)練階段(8周的上量訓(xùn)練周和6周的上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練周)對(duì)上海男子賽艇隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行每2周訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后恢復(fù)期安靜下HRV、常規(guī)生理生化和CA測(cè)試,測(cè)試總共持續(xù)14周。HRV測(cè)試、常規(guī)生理生化測(cè)試和CA測(cè)試都在周日下午13:00-16:00進(jìn)行,為了盡可能保證3大指標(biāo)測(cè)試的同步性,HRV測(cè)試結(jié)束后即刻采集運(yùn)動(dòng)員肘靜脈血4.5ml(包括EDTA抗凝全血2ml和肝素鈉抗凝全血2.5ml)。(3)測(cè)試指標(biāo):①心率變異性測(cè)試指標(biāo):SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD、TP、HF、HFn.u.、LF、LFn.u.、VLF、LF/HF。②常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo):BU、CK、WBC、HB、T、C和T/C。③血漿兒茶酚胺指標(biāo):E、NE和DA。研究結(jié)果:(1)賽前訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后恢復(fù)期WBC、C水平較備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前降低(P0.05),HB較備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前顯著性降低(P0.05),BU、CK、T和T/C水平較備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前升高(P0.05)�？傮w來說,T和T/C在整個(gè)訓(xùn)練中呈升高趨勢(shì),C呈降低趨勢(shì)。(2)上量訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員HRV水平和迷走神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能提高,表現(xiàn)為上量訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)SDSD、RMSSD、TP和HF達(dá)到峰值。上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后恢復(fù)期HRV指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD、TP、HF雖較備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前減小,但仍保持在較高水平,運(yùn)動(dòng)員交感迷走神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的穩(wěn)定性向迷走神經(jīng)活性占主導(dǎo)作用變化。(3)HFn.u.與LFn.u.在整個(gè)訓(xùn)練階段的變化特點(diǎn)相反,表現(xiàn)為HFn.u.在上量訓(xùn)練前4周逐漸降至最小值,LFn.u.逐漸升高至最大值(P0.05),賽前訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)HFn.u.升高至備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前水平,LFn.u.降至接近備戰(zhàn)前水平。(4)賽前訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后恢復(fù)期NE、E和DA較備戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練前顯著性降低(P0.05),且在整個(gè)賽前訓(xùn)練過程中,CA受訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷的影響表現(xiàn)為在上量訓(xùn)練持續(xù)降低,在上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練階段逐漸回升的特點(diǎn)。(5)上量訓(xùn)練恢階段復(fù)期NE、E與WBC存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān),DA與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練階段E與HB存在顯著性正相關(guān)(P0.05)。在整個(gè)賽前訓(xùn)練階段恢復(fù)期NE和E與WBC存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān),與HB存在顯著性正相關(guān)(P0.05)。(6)在賽前訓(xùn)練階段HRV大部分指標(biāo)與常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo)存在明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系。具體表現(xiàn)為上量訓(xùn)練階段HRV時(shí)域指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD與生化指標(biāo)BU存在顯著性正相關(guān),與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。TP、HF與BU存在顯著性正相關(guān)(P0.05);LF與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01)。上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練階段TP與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。整個(gè)賽前訓(xùn)練階段恢復(fù)期HRV指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD、TP與BU存在顯著性正相關(guān)(P0.05),與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05);LF與HB存在顯著性正相關(guān),與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05);VLF與T存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。研究結(jié)論:(1)賽前上量訓(xùn)練階段和上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練階段運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體機(jī)能狀態(tài)恢復(fù)比較穩(wěn)定,無明顯疲勞積累現(xiàn)象。相較上量訓(xùn)練階段,上強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練階段運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體機(jī)能狀態(tài)明顯提高。(2)賽前訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)自主神經(jīng)的功能狀態(tài)提高,安靜下交感神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)作用減弱,迷走神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)占主導(dǎo)地位,交感迷走神經(jīng)平衡性增強(qiáng),自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)在大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)中的功能穩(wěn)定性提高。(3)心率變異性與血漿兒茶酚胺和常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo)在監(jiān)控運(yùn)動(dòng)員機(jī)能狀態(tài)方面具有一定的同步性。并且心率變異性指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD和TP與常規(guī)生理生化指標(biāo)BU存在顯著性正相關(guān),與T具有顯著性負(fù)相關(guān);HF與BU具有顯著性正相關(guān);LF與T具有顯著性負(fù)相關(guān),因此心率變異性分析可作為常規(guī)機(jī)能監(jiān)控手段的輔助手段應(yīng)用于賽艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體機(jī)能狀態(tài)監(jiān)控。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is: (1) to study the routine physiological and biochemical indexes of Shanghai excellent men's rowers, the changes of plasma catecholamine (CA) and heart rate variability (HRV) in the recovery period of different training stages before the 14 weeks of match, and to analyze the effect of training on the body function state of the athletes in the recovery period before the competition. (2) to explore the restoration of the different training stages before the game. The relationship between HRV and conventional physiological and biochemical indexes and CA, and exploring the possibility of using HRV as an auxiliary means to monitor the routine physical function status of the athletes. (1) research object: 8 outstanding athletes of Shanghai men's rowing team. (2) research project: before the national Rowing Championships in October 2016 Training arrangements, selected in the 2016.6.20-2016.9.25 different training stages (8 weeks of training week and 6 weeks of strength training week) for the Shanghai men's rowing team athletes every 2 weeks after the end of the recovery period of quiet HRV, routine physiological and biochemical and CA tests, testing a total of 14 weeks of.HRV tests, normal physiological and biochemical tests and CA tests are all in On Sunday afternoon at 13:00-16:00, in order to ensure the synchronicity of the 3 major index tests, the athlete's elbow vein blood 4.5ml was collected immediately after the HRV test (including EDTA anticoagulant whole blood 2ml and heparin anticoagulant whole blood 2.5ml). (3) the test indexes: (1) heart rate variability test index: SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, TP, HF, HFn.u., HFn.u. Physiological and biochemical indexes: BU, CK, WBC, HB, T, C and T/C. (T/C.) plasma catecholamine indicators: E, NE and DA. studies: (1) WBC after the pre competition training, the C level is lower than before the training. At the end of the training, the HRV level and the vagus nerve regulation function of the athletes were improved. (2) SDSD, RMSSD, TP and HF reached the peak at the end of the training, and the HRV index SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, TP, after the end of training, were reduced, but still kept at a higher level, but still maintained at a higher level. The stability of the vagus vagus function was dominant to the vagus nerve activity. (3) the change of HFn.u. and LFn.u. in the whole training stage was the opposite, which showed that HFn.u. gradually decreased to the minimum 4 weeks before the upper training, and the LFn.u. gradually increased to the maximum value (P0.05). Before the pre competition training, the HFn.u. increased to the pre war training. Level, LFn.u. to close to pre - preparation level. (4) NE, E and DA significantly lower than pre training (P0.05) after pre competition training, and in the whole pre competition training process, CA is affected by the training load to continue to decrease in the upper training stage, and gradually recover in the strength training stage. (5) the quantity training recovery phase NE There was a significant negative correlation between E and WBC, and there was a significant negative correlation between DA and T (P0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between E and HB in the training stage of the upper strength (P0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between NE and E and WBC in the recovery period of the whole pre competition training stage. (6) most of the indexes and normal physiology were observed in the pre competition training stage. There was a significant correlation between the biochemical indexes and the significant positive correlation between the HRV time domain index (SDNN), RMSSD, SDSD and the biochemical index BU, and the significant negative correlation with T (P0.05).TP, and the significant positive correlation between HF and BU (P0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between LF and BU. HRV index SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, and BU have significant positive correlation (P0.05) in the pre competition period, and there is a significant negative correlation with T (P0.05); LF and HB exist significant positive correlation, and there is a significant negative correlation with the existence of BU. During the stage and the strength training stage, the physical function status of the athletes was more stable and there was no obvious fatigue accumulation. Compared with the upper training stage, the physical function state of the athletes was obviously improved. (2) the functional state of the autonomic nerve was improved at the end of the pre competition training, the function of the sympathetic nervous regulation was weakened and the spirit was lost. The function stability of the autonomic nervous system increased in the large intensity exercise. (3) the heart rate variability and plasma catecholamine and routine physiological and biochemical indexes have some synchronization in monitoring the functional state of the athletes, and the heart rate variability index SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD and TP There was a significant positive correlation with the routine physiological and biochemical index BU, and had a significant negative correlation with T; HF and BU had significant positive correlation; LF and T had a significant negative correlation. Therefore, the heart rate variability analysis could be used as a auxiliary means of routine function monitoring to monitor the body function state of the rowers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G861.4

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