本文選題：體育鍛煉 + 執(zhí)行功能��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：體育鍛煉與執(zhí)行功能關(guān)系的研究,此前主要集中于體育鍛煉對(duì)于執(zhí)行功能的直接影響,即體育鍛煉對(duì)執(zhí)行功能影響的直接效應(yīng)。具體研究領(lǐng)域主要為以下兩點(diǎn):一是不同的體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目對(duì)不同群體的執(zhí)行功能的直接影響;二是體育鍛煉結(jié)合其他干預(yù)或藥物對(duì)特殊群體執(zhí)行功能的直接影響。雖然此前研究得出了一系列的喜人成果,也證實(shí)了體育鍛煉對(duì)于執(zhí)行功能影響的顯著效應(yīng),但是這在一定程度上忽略了體育鍛煉與執(zhí)行功能之間可能存在中介因素,進(jìn)而忽視了體育鍛煉和執(zhí)行功能之間可能存在的中介效應(yīng)�；诖�,本研究從體育鍛煉可以促進(jìn)老年群體的執(zhí)行功能水平這一理論假設(shè)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以體育鍛煉對(duì)老年群體執(zhí)行功能影響的機(jī)制為研究切入點(diǎn),提出了體育鍛煉與執(zhí)行功能關(guān)系之間的多重中介假設(shè)模型,重點(diǎn)旨在探究:除體育鍛煉對(duì)執(zhí)行功能影響的直接效應(yīng)以外,還可能存在的心理中介效應(yīng)。研究通過對(duì)老年群體的鍛煉行為、一般自我效能、老化態(tài)度、執(zhí)行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、轉(zhuǎn)換功能)的測(cè)量,驗(yàn)證假設(shè)模型的正確性。研究假設(shè):假設(shè)1:體育鍛煉對(duì)老年人執(zhí)行功能有顯著促進(jìn)作用,且戶籍來源主效應(yīng)顯著;假設(shè)2:老化態(tài)度在體育鍛煉與執(zhí)行功能關(guān)系之間起中介作用;假設(shè)3: 一般自我效能在體育鍛煉與執(zhí)行功能關(guān)系之間起中介作用;假設(shè)4:體育鍛煉對(duì)老年人執(zhí)行功能影響的直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng)存在差異。本研究采用測(cè)量法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法對(duì)191位老年人進(jìn)行鍛煉行為(鍛煉強(qiáng)度、鍛煉頻率、單次時(shí)間、鍛煉年限)、心理指標(biāo)、(一般自我效能、老化態(tài)度)和執(zhí)行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、轉(zhuǎn)換功能)的測(cè)量,所有被試的人口學(xué)變量(戶籍來源除外)均無顯著性差異(無腦功能疾病、無精神疾病、不酗酒以及無酗酒史、均為右利手等),結(jié)果表明:1.體育鍛煉對(duì)老年人執(zhí)行功能存在顯著影響,且戶籍來源主效應(yīng)顯著。城市老年人在一般自我效能、老化態(tài)度得分上優(yōu)于農(nóng)村老年人;同時(shí),城市老年人的執(zhí)行功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)也優(yōu)于農(nóng)村老年人群體。2.老年群體在日常體育鍛煉過程中,適量的、科學(xué)的單次鍛煉時(shí)間、鍛煉頻率、鍛煉年限才會(huì)對(duì)老年人的一般自我效能、老化態(tài)度產(chǎn)生積極的顯著影響。3.體育鍛煉不僅能夠直接改善老年群體的執(zhí)行功能相關(guān)水平,延緩認(rèn)知衰老;同時(shí)還可以通過對(duì)中介變量(一般自我效能、老化態(tài)度)的影響,間接的促進(jìn)老年人群執(zhí)行功能的改善和延遲衰退。體育鍛煉對(duì)老年人執(zhí)行功能影響的多重中介模型表明,體育鍛煉不僅直接影響老年人的執(zhí)行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、轉(zhuǎn)換功能),同時(shí)還通過影響中介變量(老化態(tài)度、一般自我效能),繼而來影響老年人執(zhí)行功能。這說明老年人在日常鍛煉過程中,不僅需要加強(qiáng)身體機(jī)能的鍛煉,同時(shí)更要注重其心理健康水平的鍛煉效益。一般自我效能和老化態(tài)度作為老年群體至關(guān)重要的兩個(gè)心理指標(biāo),其對(duì)老年人的執(zhí)行功能有良好的促進(jìn)作用。鍛煉過程中,老化態(tài)度和一般自我效能的培育,某種程度上影響了老年人的鍛煉效果及執(zhí)行功能。
[Abstract]:The research on the relationship between physical exercise and executive function is mainly focused on the direct effect of physical exercise on the executive function, that is, the direct effect of physical exercise on the executive function. The main research fields are the following two points: first, the direct influence of different sports exercises on the executive function of different groups; two is physical exercise. The direct impact of other interventions or drugs on the executive function of special groups. Although a series of pleasant results have been obtained, the significant effect of physical exercise on the performance of the executive function has been confirmed, but it neglects the possible existence of intermediary factors between physical exercise and executive function, and then neglects the body. Based on this, this study is based on the theoretical hypothesis that physical exercise can promote the executive function level of the elderly and the mechanism of the effect of physical exercise on the executive function of the elderly, and puts forward the relationship between physical exercise and executive function. The emphasis of the heavy intermediary hypothesis model is to explore the psychological mediator effect that may exist in addition to the direct effect of physical exercise on the effect of executive function. The research through the measurement of the exercise behavior, general self-efficacy, aging attitude, executive function (restraining control power, refresh function, conversion function) of the elderly group, and verifying the hypothesis model The hypothesis: assuming that 1: physical exercise has a significant role in promoting the executive function of the elderly, and the main effect of the household registration source is significant; assuming that the aging attitude of 2: plays a mediating role between physical exercise and the relationship of executive function, it is assumed that the general self-efficacy of 3: plays a mediating role between physical exercise and the functional relationship of executive function; and the 4: body is assumed. There are different direct and indirect effects on the effect of exercise on the executive function of the elderly. This study uses measurement and experimental methods to conduct exercise behavior (exercise intensity, exercise frequency, single time, exercise years), psychological indicators, (general self-efficacy, aging attitude) and executive function (inhibition control function, refresh work) of 191 elderly people. There were no significant differences in the demographic variables (except for the brain function, no mental illness, no alcoholism and alcohol abuse). The results showed that 1. physical exercise had a significant effect on the performance of the elderly, and the main effect of the household registration source was significant. In the general self-efficacy, the aging attitude is superior to the elderly in rural areas; at the same time, the performance related indexes of the urban elderly are also superior to those of the elderly group.2. in the rural areas. The appropriate amount of time, the frequency of exercise, the years of exercise and the aging of the old people are better than those of the old people in the rural areas. Attitudes have a positive impact on.3. physical exercise. Physical exercise can not only directly improve the level of executive function related to the elderly, but also delay cognitive senility. It can also indirectly promote the improvement of executive function and delay decline through the influence of mediating variables (general self-efficacy, aging attitude). Physical exercise for the elderly. The multiple intermediary model of the effect of executive function shows that physical exercise not only directly affects the executive function of the elderly (restraining control function, refreshing function, transforming function), but also affecting the intermediary variable (aging attitude, general self-efficacy), and then influencing the elderly to perform function. This shows that the elderly are not in the daily exercise process. It is only necessary to strengthen the exercise of the physical function and pay more attention to the exercise benefit of the mental health. The general self-efficacy and the aging attitude are two important psychological indexes of the old group, which have a good effect on the executive function of the old people. To a large extent, it affects the exercise effect and executive function of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G806

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本文編號(hào)：2090993