本文選題：高校 + 中跑　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：競技能力是運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練的目的與競技比賽的核心。運(yùn)用競技能力評價(jià)體系在訓(xùn)練過程中監(jiān)控運(yùn)動員的訓(xùn)練狀態(tài)和身體機(jī)能情況,依據(jù)反饋的信息及時(shí)調(diào)整訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃與內(nèi)容,能夠提高訓(xùn)練過程的時(shí)效性和針對性,從而使運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練更加科學(xué)化。雖然近些年專家學(xué)者對于競技能力的研究層出不窮,但是幾乎所有的研究都是以世界或國內(nèi)頂尖的優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動員為研究對象,以高校運(yùn)動員競技能力為研究對象的文獻(xiàn)資料十分匱乏,對高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力的研究更如鳳毛麟角。對優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動員競技能力的研究固然具有實(shí)踐價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)作用,但是并不能說明其研究結(jié)果對所有運(yùn)動員都適用,因?yàn)槊總�(gè)運(yùn)動員都是個(gè)性化個(gè)體,運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練也是個(gè)體的發(fā)展過程,必須符合“自目標(biāo)(自己制定的發(fā)展目標(biāo))”發(fā)展規(guī)律,套用他人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和模式有可能會出現(xiàn)“失標(biāo)”現(xiàn)象。由于競技能力結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜、檢測繁瑣,加上大多高校硬性條件的限制,很多優(yōu)秀范本里的指標(biāo)在高校實(shí)際的訓(xùn)練過程中并不經(jīng)常使用,比如血乳酸、血紅蛋白含量等,這些指標(biāo)對中跑運(yùn)動員固然非常重要,但是由于很多高校檢測儀器的缺乏、檢測過程的繁瑣導(dǎo)致教練員在實(shí)際訓(xùn)練過程中并不經(jīng)常使用,因而現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)高校教練員仍然根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來簡單、模糊的判斷運(yùn)動員的競技能力水平,這樣就大大的弱化了訓(xùn)練過程的科學(xué)化程度�？紤]到目前高校中跑訓(xùn)練的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,找到一條既簡便易行又不失科學(xué)化的評價(jià)體系,是本研究展開的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。經(jīng)大量走訪專家及高校一線教練,并較長時(shí)間跟隊(duì)探究實(shí)踐,確立和完成了“高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用自目標(biāo)評價(jià)體系”的構(gòu)建。試圖以此來為普通高校中跑運(yùn)動教練員提供一個(gè)實(shí)用競技能力“自目標(biāo)”構(gòu)建與評價(jià)方法,以便更好的為高校運(yùn)動員創(chuàng)造佳績服務(wù)。為此,本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、層次分析法、問卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、實(shí)地測量法等,以高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)體系為研究對象,參考競技能力相關(guān)理論及中跑項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn),結(jié)合普通高校中跑訓(xùn)練實(shí)際,在無生理生化檢測儀器設(shè)備的前提下,突出實(shí)用指標(biāo)的篩選與檢測項(xiàng)目的認(rèn)定,以“某”運(yùn)動員自定發(fā)展目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向,構(gòu)建出普通高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)體系,并加以實(shí)證研究。結(jié)論如下:(1)根據(jù)指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)原則及中跑項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn),初選了高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)體系的指標(biāo),以及根據(jù)兩輪專家調(diào)查問卷整理的結(jié)果,構(gòu)建了高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,主要包括身體形態(tài)、身體機(jī)能、運(yùn)動素質(zhì)、技術(shù)能力、心理能力、戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力、運(yùn)動智能7個(gè)一級指標(biāo)及其包含的、突出屬性的9個(gè)二級指標(biāo)、13個(gè)三級指標(biāo)。其中,身體形態(tài)指標(biāo)由充實(shí)度構(gòu)成;身體機(jī)能指標(biāo)由心血管系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成;運(yùn)動素質(zhì)指標(biāo)由耐力、速度、力量構(gòu)成;技術(shù)能力指標(biāo)由動作節(jié)奏構(gòu)成;戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力指標(biāo)由戰(zhàn)術(shù)形式構(gòu)成;心理能力指標(biāo)由運(yùn)動意志構(gòu)成;運(yùn)動智能指標(biāo)由運(yùn)動觀察構(gòu)成。(2)根據(jù)高校中跑運(yùn)動員指標(biāo)權(quán)重調(diào)查問卷中各級指標(biāo)重要程度賦值及兩兩比較分配情況,運(yùn)用層次分析法,確定了高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力評價(jià)體系各級指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。(3)確定了高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的評價(jià)方法。計(jì)算出各項(xiàng)三級指標(biāo)權(quán)重以后,制定各項(xiàng)三級指標(biāo)成績評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),假設(shè)競技能力為U,各三級指標(biāo)權(quán)重為u1、u2、u3……un評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分值為x1、x2、x3……xn,那么U=u1×x1+u2×x2+u3×x3+……+un×xn。其結(jié)果使得中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力得到了更加客觀的體現(xiàn),運(yùn)動員競技能力評價(jià)形式更加準(zhǔn)確,但也使得計(jì)算量變得較大。(4)運(yùn)用實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了高校中跑運(yùn)動員競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”評價(jià)體系的可行性。通過對鞠凱競技能力實(shí)用“自目標(biāo)”的評價(jià),能科學(xué)、綜合、客觀的反映其競技能力,供教練員訓(xùn)練監(jiān)控進(jìn)行參考,為計(jì)劃訓(xùn)練階段、控制負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度、調(diào)整訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容與手段提供了一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Competitive ability is the goal of sports training and the core of competitive competition. Using the evaluation system of competitive ability to monitor the training state and physical function of athletes during the training process, adjust the training plan and content in time according to the information of feedback, can improve the timeliness and pertinence of the training process, so that the exercise training will be more scientific. Although the experts and scholars have been studying competitive ability in recent years, almost all the research is based on the top elite athletes in the world or at home. The literature of college athletes' competitive ability is very scarce, and the research on the athletic ability of middle school runners is rare. It is of practical value and guiding role to study the competitive ability of excellent athletes, but it does not show that the research results are suitable for all athletes, because each athlete is individual individual, and sports training is also the process of individual development, which must conform to the development rule of "self target (the development goal made by oneself)". The phenomenon of "losing standard" may occur with the standards and patterns of others. Because of the complexity of the competitive ability structure, tedious detection and the restriction of hard conditions in most colleges and universities, many excellent indexes are not often used in the actual training process of colleges and universities, such as blood lactate, hemoglobin content and so on. Although the staff is very important, but due to the lack of testing instruments in many colleges and universities, the tedious process of testing causes the coaches in the actual training process is not often used, so most of the coaches of colleges and universities are still based on their own experience and are simple and fuzzy to judge the athletic ability level of the athletes, which greatly weakened the training. The scientific degree of the process. Taking into account the current situation of middle running training in Colleges and universities, finding a simple and easy and scientific evaluation system is the starting point of this study. After a large number of visits to experts and college frontline coaches, and a long time to explore the practice with the team, the competitive ability of middle school runners has been established and completed. The construction of the practical self target evaluation system is intended to provide a practical competitive ability "self target" construction and evaluation method for the middle running trainers in Colleges and universities in order to better serve the athletes of colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper adopts the literature method, the layer analysis method, the questionnaire survey method, the mathematical statistics method and the field. Measuring method and so on, taking the practical "self target" evaluation system of the competitive ability of middle school runners as the research object, referring to the related theories of competitive ability and the characteristics of middle distance running projects, combined with the practice of middle run training in ordinary colleges and universities, under the premise of no physiological and biochemical testing instrument and equipment, the identification of the screening and testing items of the actual target is highlighted. "The goal of self determined development of athletes is guided, and a practical" self target "evaluation system for the competitive ability of middle school runners in ordinary colleges and universities is constructed and an empirical study is made. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the principle of the index design and the characteristics of the middle distance race, the index of the practical" self target "evaluation system for the competitive ability of middle school runners in Colleges and universities is selected. According to the results of two rounds of expert questionnaire, the practical "self target" evaluation index system of competitive ability of middle school runners is constructed, which mainly include body shape, body function, sports quality, technical ability, psychological ability, tactical ability, and sports intelligence 7 first grade indexes and their inclusion, 9 two grade indexes of outstanding attributes, 13 indexes. The body shape index is composed of the fullness of the body shape index; the body function index is composed of the cardiovascular system; the index of sports quality consists of endurance, speed and strength; the index of technical ability is composed of action rhythm; tactical ability index is made up of tactical form; psychological energy index is composed of motion will; sports intelligence index is composed of motion outlook. (2) according to the important degree assignment and 22 comparison distribution in the questionnaire of the index weight of middle school runners in Colleges and universities, the weight of the indicators at all levels in the competitive ability evaluation system of middle school runners is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. (3) the practical "self target" evaluation of the competitive ability of middle school runners is determined. After calculating the evaluation method of the standard system, after calculating the weight of every three grade index, the score standard of every three grade index is set up, assuming that the competitive ability is U, the weight of each three level index is U1, U2, and u3.un score standard is x1, X2, x3.xn, then U=u1 * x1+u2 x x2+u3 x x3+.+un * xn. results make the athletic ability of middle runners get more guest. The evaluation form of athletes' competitive ability is more accurate, but it also makes the amount of calculation bigger. (4) the feasibility of the practical "self target" evaluation system of the athletic ability of middle school runners is verified by an example. By the evaluation of the practical "self target" of the competitive ability of Ju Kai, it can be scientifically, synthetically and objectively reflecting its competitive skills. It provides a scientific basis for planning training stage, controlling load intensity, adjusting training contents and means.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G822.2

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