本文選題：短道速滑 + 起跑技術(shù)　； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的：本研究通過對短道速滑項目兩種起跑技術(shù)準備姿勢的運動學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)揭示運動員準備姿勢的穩(wěn)定性；結(jié)合兩種起跑技術(shù)起動過程中運動員的運動學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)、下肢關(guān)節(jié)角度角度角度變化情況進行分析,揭示短道速滑運動員起動技術(shù)的質(zhì)量,評價起動效果；通過對疾跑階段各單步與起跑總時間的的分析、步頻和下肢關(guān)節(jié)角度變化情況,說明疾跑的效果,滑跑節(jié)奏的優(yōu)劣。研究方法：本研究用一臺型號為PC 350E的SONY攝像機在比賽條件下正對比賽場地500m起點位置5條起跑線中的第三條起跑線定點拍攝。攝像機的拍攝頻率為25幀/s,分場后為50場/s。運用德國SIMI°Motion 7.50運動動作解析系統(tǒng)對真?zhèn)�起跑階段進行解析。研究結(jié)果表明：1.準備姿勢階段,兩種起跑方式的準備姿勢都能保持在相對穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)；點冰-前起跑方式前穩(wěn)定角較點冰-后起動起跑方式的前穩(wěn)定角更小,更容易打破靜止進入運動狀態(tài)。2.我國運動員的準備姿勢較世界其他運動員更容易將準備姿勢的穩(wěn)定平衡狀態(tài)打破,由“靜”轉(zhuǎn)“動”的時間更短,能更快的進入比賽狀態(tài)。3.起動階段,兩種起跑方式各具特點,點冰-前起跑方式較點冰-后起跑方式起動距離遠；點冰-后起跑方式較點冰-前起跑方式起動時間短。4.起動階段,兩種起跑方式的重心加速度都呈現(xiàn)為“雙峰曲線”。不同點在于,點冰-前起跑方式“峰值”在前,點冰-后起跑方式“峰值”在后。5.我國運動員在起動過程中膝關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍大,起動腿蹬伸是做功距離長,能將更多的勢能轉(zhuǎn)化為了動能。6.起動階段,“后”起動運動員能在更短的時間內(nèi)獲得與“前”起動運動員較短的時間里獲得的速度基本相同,“后”起動較“前”起動更為經(jīng)濟。7.疾跑階段,前1～3步對起跑總時間的影響較大,其中第2步對起跑總時間影響最顯著,往后影響程度依次減小。即單步時間同起跑總時間的相關(guān)性隨時間增加而減小,呈負相關(guān)。8.蹬冰角的角度要與蹬冰動作的變化而變化,彼此要相互適應(yīng),不然就會使得垂直于冰面的分力過大而影響蹬冰效果。9.起動階段,蹬冰時,垂直冰面的分力與蹬冰角大小呈正相關(guān),運動方向的分力與蹬冰角呈負相關(guān),為了有效的增加蹬冰力量,則需要通過在人體關(guān)節(jié)生理范圍內(nèi)減小蹬冰角來實現(xiàn)。10.合理的滑行節(jié)奏會使運動員的運動器官同內(nèi)臟器官活動協(xié)調(diào)一致,使運動員的滑跑動作更加協(xié)調(diào)、體能運用更經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)動作更準確。11.疾跑階段步頻與步幅呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系。疾跑步頻越高,則滑跑步幅越小；滑跑步幅越大,則步頻就很難提上去,只有步頻和步幅比例合理,疾跑階段提速才更快。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to reveal the stability of the preparation posture of the athletes through the kinematics data of the two starting techniques in the short track speed skating project, and to combine the kinematics data of the athletes during the starting process of the two starting techniques. The change of lower limb joint angle is analyzed to reveal the quality of short track speed skater's starting technique and evaluate the starting effect. The change of step frequency and lower limb joint angle shows the effect of sprint and the advantage and disadvantage of running rhythm. Methods: in this study, a PC350E Sony camera was used to shoot the third starting line of the 500m starting line. The camera takes 25 frames / s and 50 / s after the break. The German Simi 擄Motion 7.50 motion analysis system is used to analyze the real starting stage. The results of the study show that 1: 1. In the stage of preparing posture, the preparation positions of the two starting modes can be kept in a relatively stable state, and the front stable angle of the point ice front starting mode is smaller than that of the point ice starting mode, and it is easier to break the static state and enter into the motion state. 2. Compared with other athletes in the world, the preparation posture of our country is easier to break the stable balance state of the preparation posture, the time from "static" to "moving" is shorter, and it can enter the competition state more quickly. In the starting stage, the two starting modes have their own characteristics, the starting distance between the point ice and the front start is longer than that of the point ice after the starting, and the starting time between the point ice and the back start is shorter than that of the point ice and the front start. In the starting stage, the acceleration of the center of gravity of the two starting modes presents a "double peak curve". The difference is that the "peak" of the ice point-front start mode is in the front, and the "peak value" of the ice-start mode is in the back. 5. Chinese athletes have a wide range of knee joint activities in the process of starting, and the starting leg is long in distance from work to work, which can transform more potential energy into kinetic energy .6. In the starting stage, the starting speed of the "back" starting athletes can be basically the same as that of the "former" starting athletes in a shorter time, and the latter "starting" is more economical than the "former" starting. In the sprint stage, the first one and three steps have a great effect on the total starting time, and the second step has the most significant effect on the total starting time, and the later influence degree decreases in turn. That is, the correlation between single step time and total start time decreased with the increase of time, showing a negative correlation. The angle of ice pedal angle should be changed with the change of ice pedal action, and each other should adapt to each other, otherwise, the vertical force of ice will be too large, which will affect the effect of ice pedal. In the starting stage, the partial force of vertical ice is positively correlated with the angle of ice pedal, and the component force of movement direction is negatively correlated with the angle of ice pedal, in order to increase the strength of ice pedal effectively, It is necessary to achieve. 10. 10 by reducing the pedaling angle within the physiological range of the human joint. The reasonable gliding rhythm will make the athlete's movement organ coordinate with the visceral organ activity, make the athlete's taxiing movement more coordinated, the physical ability use is more economical, the technical movement is more accurate .11. There was a negative correlation between stride frequency and stride length in sprinting stage. The higher the stride frequency, the smaller the trot stride; the higher the trot stride, the more difficult it is to raise the stride frequency. Only if the ratio of stride frequency and stride is reasonable, can the sprint speed up faster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G862.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 錢雯;;短道速滑超越技術(shù)的研究[A];第十屆全國運動生物力學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)交流大會論文匯編[C];2002年

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本文編號：2032785