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中國學校體育政策的發(fā)展與改革研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-06-14 10:30

  本文選題:中國學校體育 + 制度變遷 ; 參考:《華中師范大學》2015年博士論文


【摘要】:學校體育政策是指由政黨和政府及其他組織為了達成學校體育目標和促進青少年體質(zhì)健康所制定的指導方略、發(fā)展計劃和行動方案,它蘊含了時代特征、社會需要、人才培養(yǎng)規(guī)格以及教育方針等諸多的隱喻信息以及豐富的內(nèi)涵,這些信息與內(nèi)涵指導并規(guī)定了學校體育的運行機制與狀態(tài)。本文以百年以來中國學校體育政策演進的時間維度為軸線,以制度變遷理論和政策工具理論為視野,運用文獻資料法、歷史分析法、比較分析法、內(nèi)容分析法及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,在對百年以來中國學校體育政策的不同發(fā)展階段進行分析后,并通過對當代主要發(fā)達國家學校體育政策的比較與借鑒,提出了中國學校體育政策進一步改革的路徑。本研究主要結(jié)論如下:1.百年以來中國學校體育政策演進的基本特征主要表現(xiàn)為六個方面:一是學校體育政策從單一類型轉(zhuǎn)向為復合類型;二是學校體育政策數(shù)量的變遷與不同時期的社會事件具有明顯的相關(guān)性;三是學校體育政策主題始終圍繞著學校體育教學展開;四是學校體育政策工具從單一工具轉(zhuǎn)向為復合工具;五是學校體育政策目標始終以增強學生的體質(zhì)健康為主;六是學校體育政策的制定主體由單一主體轉(zhuǎn)向為多元主體。2.在對當代部分發(fā)達國家的學校體育政策研究后發(fā)現(xiàn):預防肥胖、減少久坐行為、促進健康以及提升競爭力是當代部分發(fā)達國家學校體育政策目標的基本訴求;權(quán)威工具、激勵工具以及能力工具是當代部分發(fā)達國家學校體育政策重點關(guān)注與建設(shè)的內(nèi)容;當代部分發(fā)達國家的學校體育政策治理機制主要表現(xiàn)為協(xié)作伙伴型、社團主導型以及結(jié)合型三種類型。3.在對中國與當代部分發(fā)達國家的學校體育政策比較研究后發(fā)現(xiàn):從政策目標看,在堅持"健康第一"的同時,可以將提升競爭力、促進參與以及形成積極生活方式作為今后中國學校體育政策治理的新目標;從政策工具看,應(yīng)對中國學校體育政策工具的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題進行深度調(diào)整與改革,加快形成以權(quán)威工具升格立法為重點、以激勵工具形成活力為抓手、以能力工具為促進的新局面;從政策治理機制看,應(yīng)該調(diào)整中國學校體育的治理層級、進行相關(guān)立法以及實施扁平化管理。4.百年以來始終以學校體育教學為主題的政策治理過程,在中國社會、文化以及教育等諸多因素的交互影響中,其政策的溢出效應(yīng)明顯不足。而學校體育政策溢出效應(yīng)不足的主要原因在于,我國文化、社會以及人們心理上對體育認同的缺失,這種缺失導致了我國學校體育政策在落實中陷入了弱化的窘境,并致使學校體育政策的效應(yīng)難以彰顯。5.中國學校體育政策工具體系的深化調(diào)整與改革,既需要強化中央文件、法律法規(guī)等權(quán)威工具的運用,也需要進一步推動體育師資培訓、資格準入、場地設(shè)施以及信息等能力工具的建設(shè),以撥款、補貼以及稅收優(yōu)惠等激勵工具來推動我國學校體育政策的落地生根。6.中國學校體育政策深化調(diào)整與改革的主要路徑為四個方面:從理論路徑看,要推動我國學校體育政策總體目標的多元化、具體目標的操作化以及實施目標的績效化,并在此基礎(chǔ)上形成權(quán)威工具法定化、激勵工具多元化以及能力工具制度化;從現(xiàn)實路徑看,要進一步加強政策制定主體之間的協(xié)調(diào),實現(xiàn)學校體育政策制定主體之間的協(xié)同作用,以促進學校體育政策效應(yīng)的最大化;從關(guān)鍵路徑看,要構(gòu)建學校體育政策的評估體系,以促進學校體育政策的貫徹與落實,讓學校體育政策落地生根;從根本路徑看,要從政策上促進人們對學校體育的文化、社會以及心理認同。文化認同是彰顯學校體育政策效益的起點,社會認同是學校體育政策效益實現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵,心理認同是實現(xiàn)學校體育政策效益的核心。
[Abstract]:The school sports policy refers to the development plan and the action plan of the political party and government and other organizations in order to achieve the school sports goals and promote the physical health of the young people. It contains many metaphorical information and rich connotation, such as the characteristics of the times, the social needs, the training specifications and the educational policy, and so on. In this paper, we take the time dimension of the evolution of Chinese school sports policy as the axis, the theory of institutional change and the theory of policy tools as the visual field, and use the literature data method, historical analysis method, comparative analysis method, content analysis method and mathematical statistics method for a hundred years. After analyzing the different development stages of the school sports policy in China, and by comparing and drawing lessons from the school sports policies in the major developed countries, the path of the further reform of the Chinese school sports policy is put forward. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the basic characteristics of the evolution of Chinese School Sports Policy in the past 100 years are mainly manifested in the following aspects: Six aspects: one is the school sports policy from a single type to a complex type; two is the changes in the number of school sports policy and the social events of different periods of obvious correlation; the three is the school sports policy theme around the school physical education, and the four is the school sports policy tools from a single tool to compound. The five is that the goal of school sports policy is always to enhance the physical health of the students; the six is that the main body of the school sports policy is turned from a single subject to the multi subject.2. in the study of the school sports policy of some modern developed countries: prevention of obesity, the reduction of long sitting behavior, the promotion of health and the promotion of competitiveness are contemporary. The basic demands of school sports policy goals in some developed countries, authoritative tools, incentive tools and ability tools are the main contents of the school sports policies in some developed countries. The School Sports Policy Governance Mechanism in some developed countries is mainly composed of cooperative partnership, community oriented and combination type three. After the comparative study of the school sports policies between China and some modern developed countries,.3. has found that from the policy goal, while adhering to the "health first", we can improve the competitiveness, promote participation and form a positive way of life as a new goal for the management of Chinese School Sports Policy in the future. From the view of policy tools, we should deal with China. The structural problems of the school sports policy tools are adjusted and reformed in depth, and the emphasis on the promotion of the legislation of the authoritative tools is accelerated, and the motivation tool is taken as the grip and the ability tool is promoted. From the view of the policy governance mechanism, the management level of the Chinese School physical education should be adjusted, the relevant legislation and the implementation of the legislation should be carried out. .4. has always been a policy governing process with the theme of school physical education for a hundred years. In the interaction of Chinese society, culture and education, the spillover effect of the policy is obviously insufficient. The main reasons for the lack of the spillover effect of the school sports policy are in the cultural, social and psychological aspects of our country. The lack of education identification has led to the weakening of the school sports policy in China, and the effect of the school sports policy is difficult to highlight the deepening adjustment and reform of the.5. Chinese school sports policy tool system. It needs to strengthen the use of authoritative instruments such as central documents and laws and regulations, and also need to be further pushed. The construction of physical education teacher training, qualification admittance, facilities and information and other capability tools, with incentive tools such as appropriation, subsidy and tax incentives to promote our country's school sports policy, the main path of the.6. Chinese school sports policy deepening adjustment and reform is four aspects: from the theoretical path, we should promote China's national learning. The overall objective of the school sports policy is diversified, the specific target is operationalized and the implementation of the goal is carried out. On this basis, the authority tools are legalized, the incentive tools are diversified and the ability tools institutionalized. From the realistic path, the coordination among the policy makers should be further strengthened to realize the main body of the school sports policy making. In order to promote the maximization of the school sports policy effect, the evaluation system of the school sports policy should be constructed to promote the implementation and implementation of the school sports policy and make the school sports policy root. From the fundamental path, the culture, society and psychology of the school sports should be promoted from the fundamental path. Cultural identity is the starting point to highlight the benefits of school sports policy, and social identity is the key to the realization of school sports policy benefits, and psychological identity is the core of realizing the benefit of school sports policy.
【學位授予單位】:華中師范大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:G807


本文編號:2017080

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