本文選題：激活后增強(qiáng)效應(yīng) + 爆發(fā)力�。� 參考：《成都體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》2017年06期

【摘要】：本研究旨在通過(guò)對(duì)激活后增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)(PAP)相關(guān)研究的綜述,厘清PAP背后的生理學(xué)機(jī)制,闡明影響PAP的關(guān)鍵因素,以期進(jìn)一步探討誘發(fā)PAP的最佳策略,為我國(guó)教練員更好的應(yīng)用PAP提供參考。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PAP的機(jī)制主要有肌球蛋白調(diào)節(jié)輕鏈的磷酸化、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)員高階運(yùn)動(dòng)單位數(shù)量增加和肌肉收縮時(shí)羽狀角的改變。影響PAP的因素包括年齡和性別、肌纖維類型、肌肉長(zhǎng)度、訓(xùn)練狀態(tài)、力量水平以及肌肉激活形式等。其中年齡與PAP呈"倒U型"關(guān)系;不同性別之間,男性PAP優(yōu)于女性;訓(xùn)練水平和力量水平越高,PAP越強(qiáng)烈。目前采用的激活形式主要有靜力性最大自主收縮練習(xí)和復(fù)合性訓(xùn)練。PAP雖然會(huì)受到諸多因素的影響,但通過(guò)選擇針對(duì)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)員最合理的誘導(dǎo)練習(xí)形式,掌握好PAP與疲勞的平衡依然可以最大程度的激活PAP。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to clarify the physiological mechanism behind PAP, clarify the key factors affecting PAP, and further explore the best strategies for inducing PAP through a review of relevant studies on PAPs after activation. For our coaches better application of PAP to provide a reference. The main mechanisms of PAP are myosin modulating the phosphorylation of light chains, increasing the number of high order motor units mobilized by the nervous system and changing the pinnately angle during muscle contraction. Factors affecting PAP include age and sex, muscle fiber type, muscle length, training status, strength level and muscle activation. Among them, the relationship between age and PAP was "inverted U-shaped". Among different genders, male PAP was better than female, and the higher the training level and strength level was, the stronger PAP was. The active forms used at present mainly include static maximal autonomous contraction exercise and compound training. PAP may be influenced by many factors, but by choosing the most reasonable inductive exercise form for different athletes, Mastering the balance between PAP and fatigue can still maximize the activation of PAPs.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)體育部;
【基金】：清華大學(xué)自主科研計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“高水平短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員速度耐力訓(xùn)練模式的應(yīng)用研究”(2015THZWD04)
【分類號(hào)】：G804.2

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