本文選題：女子跳馬 + 難度�。� 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：競技體操中跳馬最早可以追溯到公元400年的羅馬帝國的騎士騎術(shù)訓(xùn)練,這是現(xiàn)代跳馬運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的前身。女子跳馬最初是以體育表演的形式出現(xiàn)的。本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、錄像觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法和比較分析法等研究方法對歷屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)以及世錦賽女子跳馬單項(xiàng)決賽中選手的動(dòng)作類型編排、難度選擇和完成情況、比賽成績相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,在分析中探索女子跳馬規(guī)則的變化規(guī)律,同時(shí)對下一個(gè)奧運(yùn)周期內(nèi)女子跳馬可能面臨的發(fā)展問題進(jìn)行預(yù)測。通過研究結(jié)果表明:女子跳馬技術(shù)經(jīng)歷了手翻轉(zhuǎn)體動(dòng)作技術(shù),空翻動(dòng)作技術(shù),空翻轉(zhuǎn)體復(fù)合型動(dòng)作技術(shù)三個(gè)發(fā)展階段。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新將一直是不變的主題。難度的遞增與獲得高分這一對辯證因素將會(huì)成為發(fā)展女子跳馬技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要影響。當(dāng)今女子跳馬的動(dòng)作會(huì)繼續(xù)快速向男子化發(fā)展。同時(shí)這也將會(huì)導(dǎo)致接下來相對一段時(shí)期內(nèi)難度的均衡狀態(tài)和技術(shù)完成情況的不太樂觀局面。女子跳馬規(guī)則的改變經(jīng)歷了:體操表演階段、規(guī)定動(dòng)作比賽階段、規(guī)定組別比賽階段、難度不封頂自選動(dòng)作比賽階段。世界女子跳馬項(xiàng)目中動(dòng)作選擇類型趨向于集中化發(fā)展。踺子類動(dòng)作技術(shù)仍是世界女子跳馬運(yùn)動(dòng)的主流動(dòng)作,目前根據(jù)女子跳馬選手的自身?xiàng)l件而言,踺子類動(dòng)作的技術(shù)發(fā)展空間不大。但是XZ原類(側(cè)手翻類)動(dòng)作和前手翻類動(dòng)作具有不可估量的發(fā)展?jié)摿�。世界女子跳馬項(xiàng)目動(dòng)作難度大幅提高和動(dòng)作創(chuàng)新的迫切需要。難度動(dòng)作的級別持續(xù)遞增對國際競技體操中跳馬項(xiàng)目向更難、更高、更新的方向發(fā)展起了極大的推動(dòng)作用。由于比賽規(guī)則對女子跳馬技術(shù)動(dòng)作的要求更加嚴(yán)格,在2016奧運(yùn)周期該項(xiàng)目中高難動(dòng)作的創(chuàng)新會(huì)受到一定的影響,基本會(huì)維持在6.5的難度分上,而運(yùn)動(dòng)員重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的將是完善動(dòng)作的完成度,做到少扣分從而獲得高分。在下一奧運(yùn)周期內(nèi),我國女子跳馬應(yīng)把握住規(guī)則變化帶來的難度分相對穩(wěn)定這一時(shí)機(jī),把跳馬單項(xiàng)放到優(yōu)先發(fā)展的位置。熟練掌握和使用高難度的動(dòng)作,提高對技術(shù)動(dòng)作的要求,才有可能攀登世界競技體操的技術(shù)高峰在跳馬比賽中拿到優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Horse vaulting in competitive gymnastics can be traced back to the knighthood training of the Roman Empire in 400 AD, which was the predecessor of the modern vault. Women's horse vaulting was originally in the form of a sports performance. In this paper, the methods of literature, expert interview, video observation, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis were used to arrange the movement types of the athletes in the Olympic Games and the women's vault in the world championships. The selection and completion of difficulty and the relative data of race results were compared and analyzed to explore the changing rules of women's horse vault and to predict the possible development problems of women's vault in the next Olympic cycle. The results show that the women's equine vaulting technique has experienced three stages of development: hand turning technique and somersault combined action technique. Technological innovation will always be the same theme. The dialectical factor of increasing difficulty and obtaining high score will be the main influence of the development of female horse vault technology. Women's horse vaulting will continue to develop quickly to men. This will also lead to a less optimistic balance of difficulty and technical completion over a period of time. The change of the rules of women's vault has gone through the following stages: gymnastic performance stage, specified movement competition stage, specified division competition stage, difficulty uncapped optional movement competition stage. The types of action selection in the world women's vault tend to be centralized. It is still the mainstream of the women's vault movement in the world. According to the condition of the women vault players, the technical development space of the round-off subcategory movement is not enough at present. However, the XZ primitive (lateral hand flip) and forward hand-over movements have inestimable potential for development. The difficulty of women's horse vault in the world is greatly improved and the urgent need for movement innovation. The continuous increase in the level of difficulty moves plays a great role in promoting the development of horse vaulting in international competitive gymnastics in the direction of more difficult, higher and newer. Because the rules of the competition require more stringent technical moves for women's vaulting, the innovation of the highly difficult movements in this event in the 2016 Olympic period will be affected to a certain extent, and will basically remain at the level of 6.5 difficulty points. The key development of athletes will be to improve the degree of completion of the movement, so that less points to get high points. In the next Olympic period, China's women's horse vault should grasp the relative stability of the difficulty score brought by the change of rules, and put the equine vaulting item in the position of priority development. It is possible to climb the technical peak of the world athletics gymnastics to gain the advantage in the horse vault only by mastering and using the high difficulty movement skillfully and raising the requirement of the technical movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G832.2

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