本文選題：爆發(fā)式等長收縮 + 爆發(fā)式靜力性力量��； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：爆發(fā)式等長收縮力量訓(xùn)練(Explosive Isometrics Training)是發(fā)展爆發(fā)力重要方法和手段。爆發(fā)式等長收縮是一種特殊的等長收縮表現(xiàn)形式,與傳統(tǒng)的慢速等長收縮不同的是其強(qiáng)調(diào)肌肉等長收縮時(shí)要更快更強(qiáng)(faster and harder)達(dá)到最大力量(MVF)。關(guān)于爆發(fā)式等長力量訓(xùn)練研究有限,而短期內(nèi)產(chǎn)生力量表現(xiàn)知之甚少,本研究通過其和傳統(tǒng)爆發(fā)力訓(xùn)練對比,探究短期2-4周內(nèi)其力量表現(xiàn)效果,為極短周期職業(yè)賽事賽前備戰(zhàn)提供理論依據(jù)和應(yīng)用參考。方法：本文選取17名高水平柔道運(yùn)動員,隨機(jī)將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組,分別進(jìn)行爆發(fā)式等長訓(xùn)練和常規(guī)爆發(fā)力訓(xùn)練,每周3次,持續(xù)4周,在實(shí)驗(yàn)前后和第二周進(jìn)行測試,測試包括一般性場地力量測試、Plyometrics測試以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)生物力學(xué)測試。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析結(jié)果,比較不同訓(xùn)練對一般性力量表現(xiàn)和力學(xué)指標(biāo)的影響。結(jié)果：4周內(nèi)兩種爆發(fā)力訓(xùn)練對一般性力量表現(xiàn)、Plyometrics表現(xiàn)并沒有顯著性效果。2周內(nèi)兩種爆發(fā)力訓(xùn)練對靜力性測試中生物力學(xué)指標(biāo)(MVF、RFD、 Impulse等)產(chǎn)生效果不同,且存在顯著性差異,爆發(fā)式等長訓(xùn)練對F-t曲線前半段影響較大,且兩者存在非常顯著性差異,而后半段消失；但各指標(biāo)和峰值力建立比值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后(%MVF)差異性消失。結(jié)論：前人研究表明兩種訓(xùn)練方法都可以提高最大力量和爆發(fā)力,但本研究表明4周短期訓(xùn)練對一般性力量表現(xiàn)以及Plyometrics表現(xiàn)無顯著影響,說明動態(tài)力量表現(xiàn)改變需要超過4周或較長時(shí)間；兩種訓(xùn)練對靜力性力量測試的力學(xué)指標(biāo)影響具有差異性,爆發(fā)式等長練習(xí)對峰值力MVF、RFD以及達(dá)到時(shí)間都有顯著性提高,而常規(guī)組影響不顯著；在等長收縮F-t曲線前半段各指標(biāo)兩種練習(xí)表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異,后半段差異消失,表明爆發(fā)式等長練習(xí)對改善起動力量(50-150ms)具有積極作用；爆發(fā)式等長練習(xí)在短期內(nèi)表現(xiàn)出訓(xùn)練高效性具有應(yīng)用價(jià)值,對超短周期(2-4周)訓(xùn)練中提升運(yùn)動表現(xiàn)提供了理論支撐。雖然兩種練習(xí)對力學(xué)指標(biāo)影響有差異,但指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后兩組結(jié)果無顯著性差異,說明等長收縮力學(xué)指標(biāo)和峰值力可能存在相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:Explosive Isometrics training is an important method to develop explosive force. Explosive equal-length contraction is a special form of isometric contraction, which is different from the traditional slow isometric contraction in that it emphasizes that muscle isometric contraction should be faster and stronger. The research on explosive equal-length strength training is limited, but little is known about the short-term strength performance. This study compared with the traditional explosive force training to explore the short-term 2-4 weeks of its strength performance effect, To provide the theoretical basis and application reference for the very short-cycle professional events before the match preparation. Methods: seventeen high level judo athletes were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. They were trained with explosive equal length and conventional burst three times a week for 4 weeks. The test was conducted before and after the experiment and the second week. The tests include general site strength tests, Plyometrics tests and laboratory biomechanics tests. The results of statistical analysis were used to compare the effects of different training on general strength performance and mechanical indexes. Results there was no significant effect of two kinds of explosive force training on general strength performance in 4 weeks. 2. 2 weeks later, the two kinds of explosive force training had different effects on biomechanical indexes (Impulse, Impulse, etc.) in static test, and there was significant difference between them. Explosive equal-length training had a great effect on the first half of F-t curve, and there was a significant difference between them, but the latter half disappeared, but the difference of MVFs disappeared after the standardization of the ratio of each index and peak value. Conclusion: previous studies have shown that both training methods can increase maximum strength and explosive power, but this study shows that four weeks of short training has no significant effect on general strength performance and Plyometrics performance. The results showed that the change of dynamic force performance needed more than 4 weeks or longer time, the two kinds of training had different influence on the mechanical index of static strength test, the explosive equal length exercise had significant improvement on the peak force MVFU RFD as well as the time of reaching. The difference between the two indexes in the first half of the equal-length contraction F-t curve was significant, but the difference in the latter half disappeared, which indicated that the explosive equal-length exercise had a positive effect on the improvement of the starting strength (50-150 Ms). Explosive equal-length training is of practical value in short term, which provides theoretical support for improving performance in ultrashort cycle 2-4 weeks training. Although there were differences between the two exercises on the mechanical indexes, there was no significant difference between the two groups after the standardization of the indexes, which indicated that there might be correlation between the mechanical indexes of equal length contraction and the peak force.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G804.6

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