本文選題：北京市 + 高校　； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：競(jìng)技體育中田徑的地位舉足輕重。隨著中國(guó)競(jìng)技田徑的發(fā)展,競(jìng)技田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員,尤其是年輕高水平競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)員的負(fù)擔(dān)越來(lái)越重。運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷作為田徑訓(xùn)練與競(jìng)賽中的一支巨大阻力,會(huì)影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練和成績(jī)甚至是運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯。了解怎樣合理預(yù)防和治療運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷非常重要。本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等方法對(duì)北京高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷進(jìn)行了研究,總結(jié)規(guī)律,從而得到損傷發(fā)生的原因等,并進(jìn)一步提出針對(duì)性的預(yù)防和治療手段,為運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供較為科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。研究表明:1、北京市高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷高發(fā)部位為膝、足踝、小腿、腰背、髖和手腕,損傷率分別為21.3%、18.1%、16.0%、11.7%、10.6%和8.5%。同時(shí),損傷部位與田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事的具體項(xiàng)目有密切聯(lián)系。跑步和跳躍類運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷集中在下肢;投擲類運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷主要為上肢損傷。2、北京市高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷程度以輕度損傷為主,占損傷總?cè)舜蔚?3.0%;其次為中度損傷,占損傷總?cè)舜蔚?2.8%;重度損傷占損傷總?cè)舜蔚?.3%。3、北京市高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷性質(zhì)與其從事的項(xiàng)目有關(guān):跑步及投擲類項(xiàng)目的損傷主要為慢性損傷,跳躍類項(xiàng)目的損傷主要為急性損傷。4、北京市高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷發(fā)生時(shí)間主要在訓(xùn)練中,占67.0%,發(fā)生在訓(xùn)練前的損傷占12.8%,發(fā)生在訓(xùn)練后的損傷占20.2%。5、在北京市高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員中發(fā)現(xiàn)常見(jiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷種類:跑步類運(yùn)動(dòng)常見(jiàn)損傷有小腿痙攣、前踝撞擊、膝關(guān)節(jié)韌帶扭傷、外脛夾、跟腱炎、膝關(guān)節(jié)炎、髖關(guān)節(jié)炎;跳躍類運(yùn)動(dòng)常見(jiàn)損傷有半月板撕裂、前踝撞擊、跟腱撕裂、腰椎間盤突出、足底筋膜炎、踝關(guān)節(jié)扭傷、大腿肌肉拉傷;投擲類運(yùn)動(dòng)常見(jiàn)損傷有腕管綜合征、SLAP撕裂、肩袖肌腱炎和撕裂、網(wǎng)球肘、肩部不穩(wěn)定、手腕骨折。6、通常田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員出現(xiàn)損傷存在直接和間接兩種原因。直接的原因是運(yùn)動(dòng)員自身的體能和訓(xùn)練等,而間接的原因則是運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是否符合運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體構(gòu)造。7、田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的應(yīng)對(duì)策略包括損傷的預(yù)防、治療和恢復(fù)。一般預(yù)防方式是體能訓(xùn)練和存儲(chǔ),使得身體素質(zhì)有所提升,訓(xùn)練后要進(jìn)行放松恢復(fù),加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療監(jiān)督管理。損傷發(fā)生時(shí),從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)急救到后期送診都不能耽誤。而運(yùn)動(dòng)員在接受治療之后,要有保持恢復(fù)的信心,積極配合恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:The position of track and field is very important in competitive sports. With the development of competitive track and field in China, the burden of athletics athletes, especially young high level athletes, is becoming heavier and heavier. As a great resistance in track and field training and competition, sports injury will affect athletes' training and performance, even sports career. It is important to know how to prevent and treat sports injuries reasonably. In this paper, through the methods of literature study and questionnaire investigation, the author studies the sports injury of the high level track and field athletes in Beijing, summarizes the rules, and obtains the causes of the injury, and further puts forward the corresponding preventive and therapeutic measures. To provide more scientific theoretical basis for athletes. The results showed that the high incidence of sports injuries in Beijing's high level track and field athletes were knee, ankle, calf, waist, back, hip and wrist, and the injury rate was 21.318.1% and 16.0%, 11.710.6% and 8.5%, respectively. At the same time, the injury site and track and field athletes engaged in specific events are closely linked. The injuries of running and jumping athletes are mainly in the lower extremities, the injuries of throwing athletes are mainly upper limb injuries. The sports injuries of high level track and field athletes in Beijing are mainly light injuries, which account for 83.0 percent of the total number of injuries, and the second is moderate injuries. Serious injuries accounted for 4.33% of the total number of injuries. The nature of sports injuries of high level track and field athletes in Beijing colleges and universities was related to the events they were engaged in: the injuries in running and throwing events were mainly chronic injuries. The injury of jumping events is mainly acute injury. 4. The time of injury of high level track and field athletes in Beijing colleges and universities is mainly in training. The injuries occurred before training accounted for 12.8, and those after training accounted for 20.20.The common types of sports injuries were found in the high level track and field athletes of Beijing University: the common injuries of running sports included calf spasms, anterior malleolus impact, and so on. Knee joint ligament sprain, external tibial clamp, Achilles tendinitis, knee arthritis, hip arthritis; leaping sports common injuries such as meniscus tear, anterior malleolus impact, Achilles tendon tear, lumbar disc herniation, plantar fasciitis, ankle sprain, The common injuries in thighs and thighs include carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff tendinitis and tears, tennis elbow, shoulder instability, wrist fracture. The direct reason is the athlete's own physical ability and training, while the indirect reason is whether the sports characteristic accords with the athlete's body structure. The coping strategy of track and field injury includes the prevention, treatment and recovery of the injury. The general way of prevention is physical training and storage, so that the physical quality is improved. After training, we should relax and restore, strengthen medical supervision and management. When the injury occurs, there can be no delay from the first aid on the spot to the later consultation. After receiving treatment, athletes should have the confidence to maintain recovery and actively cooperate with recovery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G82;R873

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