本文選題：衰老 + 足底壓力中心��； 參考：《天津體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通過觀察受試者在應(yīng)對外部干擾時,身體質(zhì)量中心(Center of mass,COM)和足底壓力中心(Center of pressure,COP)的變化規(guī)律,探討成年人與老年人維持身體姿勢動態(tài)穩(wěn)定性的特征,為評價跌倒風(fēng)險提供有價值的基礎(chǔ)實驗依據(jù)。方法:本研究的實驗對象是六名健康老年人和六名健康成年人,其中實驗組老年人的年齡范圍在55-65歲,對照組成年人的年齡范圍在20-29歲。實驗條件分為兩種:第一種實驗條件為站立支持面保持靜止,不發(fā)生移動干擾;第二種實驗條件為站立支持面發(fā)生水平方向的向前移動。實驗中利用Kistler三維測力臺系統(tǒng),足底壓力開關(guān)以及三維加速度計等儀器記錄受試者在邁步啟動時身體的質(zhì)量中心(COM)和足底壓力中心(COP)的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果:1.在外部干擾條件下,邁步動作中老年人在站立前期所用時間顯著小于成年人,老年人在邁步階段所用時間顯著大于成年人,在站立后期和擺動期老年人所用時間與成年人無顯著性差異。在水平干擾條件下站立前期和邁步期所用時間顯著大于靜止條件,在站立后期和擺動期無顯著性差異。2.在左右方向上,在邁步動作中不同組別和不同實驗條件下各個時期的COP位移軌跡無顯著性差異。在前后方向上,站立前期最大COP位移老年人顯著小于成年組,站立后期最大COP位移和擺動期最大COP位移老年組和成年組無顯著性差異。在水平干擾條件下老年人站立后期最大COP位移顯著小于靜止條件,成年人在站立后期最大COP位移顯著大于靜止條件,站立前期、擺動期最大COP位移無顯著性差異。3.在左右方向上,站立前期COP最大位移速度老年人顯著小于成年人,邁步階段COP平均速度老年人顯著小于成年人。在水平干擾條件下站立后期、邁步期COP最大位移速度顯著大于靜止條件,邁步階段COP平均速度顯著小于靜止條件。在前后方向上,老年人在站立后期COP最大位移速度顯著小于成年人,在水平干擾條件下站立后期COP最大位移速度顯著大于靜止條件。4.在左右方向上,老年人在站立后期、擺動期的最大加速度顯著小于成年人。在水平干擾條件下站立前期最大加速度、擺動期最大加速顯著大于靜止條件。在前后方向上,老年人在擺動期最大加速度顯著小于成年人。在水平干擾條件下邁步階段各個時期加速度與靜止條件無顯著差異。5.站立前期最大加速度在年齡因素的影響下與COP移動軌跡有高度相關(guān)性。結(jié)論:衰老導(dǎo)致身體維持平衡的能力下降,在整個邁步階段老年人通過增加身體的移動幅度來保持其動態(tài)平衡。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics of maintaining dynamic stability of body posture between adults and the elderly by observing the changes of body mass center of mass control and plantar pressure center of pressure COP4 when the subjects were coping with external disturbance. To provide valuable experimental basis for evaluation of fall risk. Methods: six healthy elderly and six healthy adults were enrolled in this study. The age ranges from 55 to 65 years in the experimental group and 20-29 years in the control group. The experimental conditions can be divided into two types: the first condition is that the standing support surface remains stationary and no movement interference occurs; the second is the horizontal forward movement of the standing support surface. In the experiment, the changes of body mass center (com) and plantar pressure center (Cop) were recorded by means of Kistler system, plantar pressure switch and three-dimensional accelerometer. The result is 1: 1. Under the condition of external disturbance, the time of the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly shorter than that in the adult, and the time of the elderly in the stepping stage was significantly longer than that of the adult. There was no significant difference in the time used between the elderly and the adults in the late standing period and the oscillating period. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the time of early standing and stepping stage was significantly longer than that of static condition, but there was no significant difference between standing stage and swing period. In the left and right directions, there is no significant difference in COP displacement trajectories between different groups and different experimental conditions. In the front and back direction, the maximum COP displacement of the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the adult group, but there was no significant difference between the elderly group and the adult group in the maximum COP displacement in the late stage of standing and the maximum COP displacement in the swing period. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum COP displacement of the elderly in the late stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the rest condition, and that of the adult in the late stage of standing was significantly higher than that of the rest condition. There was no significant difference in the maximum COP displacement in the early stage of standing and the period of swing. 3. In the left and right directions, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly lower than that in the adult, and the average velocity of COP in the walking stage was significantly lower in the elderly than in the adult In the late stage of standing under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in walking phase is significantly higher than that in static condition, and the average velocity of COP in walking stage is significantly lower than that in static condition. In the front and rear directions, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the elderly was significantly lower than that of the adults in the late stage of standing, and the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the late stage of standing was significantly higher than that of the rest condition under horizontal disturbance. In the left and right directions, the maximum acceleration of the elderly in the late stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the adults. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum acceleration in the early stage of standing and the maximum acceleration in the swing period are significantly higher than those in the static condition. In the front and rear direction, the maximum acceleration of the elderly in the swinging period is significantly lower than that of the adults. There is no significant difference between acceleration and static condition in every step phase under the condition of horizontal disturbance. The maximum acceleration in the early stage is highly correlated with the COP trajectory under the influence of age. Conclusion: aging leads to a decrease in the ability of the body to maintain balance, and the elderly maintain their dynamic balance by increasing the movement range of the body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.2

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