本文選題：柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)源地　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：柔力球是一項(xiàng)融合中國(guó)太極文化和儒家傳統(tǒng)思想，有健身、競(jìng)技、娛樂(lè)、觀賞等特點(diǎn)的民族體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。晉中作為柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)祥地，發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀遠(yuǎn)不如武漢、西安、深圳等地市。本文研究目的是為了更好的了解柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在晉中市榆次區(qū)的開(kāi)展情況，找到影響柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在中老年群體中開(kāi)展的影響因素，提高晉中市柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)的整體水平，從而促進(jìn)我國(guó)中老年人群柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。 方法：本文以柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在晉中市榆次區(qū)中老年人群開(kāi)展現(xiàn)狀和影響因素為研究對(duì)象。首先，通過(guò)發(fā)放與回收問(wèn)卷的形式，實(shí)地走訪晉中市榆次區(qū)21個(gè)中老年柔力球活動(dòng)站，調(diào)查年齡在45周歲以上的325名中老年人（女性259名，男性66名）。問(wèn)卷中有關(guān)中老年柔力球參與者基本情況的問(wèn)題4個(gè)、有關(guān)鍛煉情況的問(wèn)題5個(gè)、有關(guān)認(rèn)識(shí)情況的問(wèn)題5個(gè)、有關(guān)軟硬件情況的問(wèn)題5個(gè)、有關(guān)因子分析的問(wèn)題1個(gè)。其次，針對(duì)該地區(qū)中老年柔力球的開(kāi)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問(wèn)題、原因以及解決問(wèn)題的策略，對(duì)晉中市12位柔力球?qū)＜覍W(xué)者進(jìn)行深度訪談。最后，運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS18.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行百分比統(tǒng)計(jì)、頻數(shù)分析、因子分析等處理，生成相關(guān)圖表資料，從深層把握數(shù)據(jù)差異性顯著的原因。 結(jié)果：累計(jì)發(fā)放問(wèn)卷325份，收回312份，回收率為96%，有效問(wèn)卷303份，有效率為97%，主要研究結(jié)果為： （1）參與者基本情況：女性參與者241名，占79%，男性參與者62名，占21%；年齡在45-55歲的有73人，占24%；55-65歲的有158人，占52%；65-75歲的有48人，占16%；75歲以上的最少有24人，占8%。 （2）參與者鍛煉情況：練習(xí)大眾健身套路的中老年人占36%，練習(xí)柔力球規(guī)定套路的占32%，練習(xí)自選套路的占23%，練習(xí)競(jìng)技對(duì)抗的占9%；43%的中老年人選擇在社區(qū)中鍛煉；24%選擇在專門的場(chǎng)地中練習(xí)；19%選擇在廣場(chǎng)中練習(xí)；14%選擇在公園練習(xí)；有21%的中老年人選擇在上午進(jìn)行鍛煉，7%選擇在下午進(jìn)行鍛煉，35%選擇在晚上進(jìn)行鍛煉；每天練習(xí)柔力球的時(shí)間一到兩小時(shí)比例最高達(dá)到了47%，一小時(shí)以內(nèi)占38%，兩小時(shí)以上占15%。 （3）參與者認(rèn)識(shí)情況：認(rèn)為柔韌性增強(qiáng)的占26%，肺活量增加的占24%，平衡能力增強(qiáng)的占21%，反應(yīng)變快的占18%，免疫力提高的占11%；28%的參與者練習(xí)柔力球后變得性格開(kāi)朗、25%變得樂(lè)于交流、22%減少了孤獨(dú)感、15%增強(qiáng)了自信、10%情緒變得穩(wěn)定；38%的參與者是通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電視、報(bào)紙等媒體渠道了解的柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)，51%是通過(guò)他人介紹的，其他途徑了解的占11%。 （4）軟硬件情況：69%的被調(diào)查者參加過(guò)全國(guó)柔力球培訓(xùn)班，94%參加過(guò)省市培訓(xùn)班。有41%的被調(diào)查者能夠經(jīng)常受到柔力球教練員的指導(dǎo)，24%偶爾受到柔力球教練員指導(dǎo)，沒(méi)有受到過(guò)指導(dǎo)的占12%。，一直能受到指導(dǎo)的占23%；認(rèn)為場(chǎng)地剛好夠用的占到了61%，認(rèn)為場(chǎng)地寬敞多余的占到了29%，認(rèn)為場(chǎng)地狹小不堪的僅占10%。有65%的人認(rèn)為設(shè)施缺乏，有27%的人認(rèn)為設(shè)施完備夠用，僅有8%的人認(rèn)為設(shè)施充裕有富余。 （5）因子分析結(jié)果：柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在晉中市榆次區(qū)中老年人群開(kāi)展的主要影響因素有4個(gè)：參與主體影響因素，柔力球項(xiàng)目影響因素，軟硬件影響因素，政府、媒體和經(jīng)費(fèi)影響因素。 結(jié)論與建議： （1）柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)中老年人的身心健康有積極地促進(jìn)作用，尤其深受中老年女性的喜愛(ài)，但是男性參與者偏少。因此，要注意吸引更多的、學(xué)習(xí)能力更強(qiáng)的中年人群和男性愛(ài)好者參與到柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)中來(lái)。 （2）柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在我國(guó)至今尚未立項(xiàng)、管理體系不完備、理論體系不完善，極大的阻礙了柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在中老年人群的開(kāi)展。因此，必須加快柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)的立項(xiàng)工作，完善柔力球的理論體系與管理體系，，豐富柔力球的練習(xí)內(nèi)容，嚴(yán)格控制其質(zhì)量和難易程度。 （3）柔力球鍛煉活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地的數(shù)量和面積能夠滿足目前中老年愛(ài)好者的需求，但仍存在設(shè)備短缺、個(gè)別站點(diǎn)人數(shù)過(guò)多、缺乏專業(yè)教練員、比賽和培訓(xùn)班的舉辦次數(shù)較少以及鍛煉隊(duì)伍整體水平不高等問(wèn)題。因此，要完善柔力球活動(dòng)站的建設(shè)，加大場(chǎng)地和器材設(shè)施的資金投入，擴(kuò)大培訓(xùn)班與比賽的規(guī)模和知名度，健全教練員培訓(xùn)制度和機(jī)制。 （4）由于晉中市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和媒體關(guān)注度不高以及柔力球活動(dòng)站經(jīng)費(fèi)不足等原因，限制了柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)在晉中市全民范圍內(nèi)的推廣和普及。應(yīng)該重視媒體宣傳柔力球運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要性；結(jié)合晉中市當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平，呼吁政府和企業(yè)給予柔力球活動(dòng)站和鍛煉隊(duì)伍更多經(jīng)費(fèi)上的支持和幫助。
[Abstract]:Objective : To promote the development of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and middle - aged people in China in order to better understand the situation of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and old - aged population and improve the overall level of soft - force ball movement in the middle - aged and old age group .

Methods : The present situation and influencing factors of soft - force ball movement in the middle - aged and old - aged group were studied . First , 325 middle - aged and old people ( 259 women and 66 men ) aged over 45 years were investigated by issuing and recycling questionnaires . In this paper , four questions about the basic situation of middle - aged and old soft - force ball participants , 5 questions about exercise , 5 questions about the situation , 5 questions about the situation of hardware and software , 5 questions about factor analysis , and the strategies of solving the problem are discussed . Secondly , the statistical software SPSS 18.0 is used to deal with the data , such as percentage statistics , frequency analysis , factor analysis and so on , to generate relevant chart data , and the reason of the data difference is obvious from the deep level .

Results : 325 questionnaires were distributed , 312 were recovered , the recovery rate was 96 % , the effective questionnaires were 303 and the effective rate was 97 % . The main results were as follows :

( 1 ) Basic information of participants : 241 female participants , 79 % and 62 male participants , accounting for 21 % ;
73 in the age of 45 - 55 , accounting for 24 per cent ;
158 at the age of 55 - 65 , accounting for 52 per cent ;
48 in the age of 65 - 75 , accounting for 16 per cent ;
At least 24 persons over the age of 75 , accounting for 8 per cent .

( 2 ) Exercise condition of the participants : 36 % of the middle - aged and old people who practice the public fitness routines , 32 % of practicing soft - force balls , 23 % of practicing self - selection , and 9 % of the practice competition .
43 % of middle - aged and old people choose to exercise in the community ;
24 % choose to practice in a dedicated site ;
19 % choose to practice in the square ;
14 % choose to practice in the park ;
Twenty - one percent of the middle - aged and the elderly choose to exercise in the morning , 7 % choose to exercise in the afternoon , 35 % choose to exercise at night ;
The proportion of time to two hours is up to 47 % , 38 % within one hour and 15 % over two hours .

( 3 ) Participants ' knowledge : 26 % of the increase of flexibility , 24 % increase in lung activity , 21 % of balanced capacity enhancement , 18 % faster response and 11 % improvement in immunity ;
Twenty - eight percent of participants became sexually active after the flex ball , 25 percent became happy , 22 percent reduced loneliness , 15 percent enhanced confidence , and 10 percent emotionally stable ;
Thirty - eight per cent of participants are flexible ball movements that are known through media outlets such as networks , television , newspapers and the like , and 51 per cent are shared by others and 11 per cent are known .

( 4 ) The hardware and software cases : 69 % of the respondents took part in the national soft ball training course and 94 % attended the provincial training courses . 41 % of the respondents were able to be guided by the flexible ball coach regularly , while 24 % had been guided by the flexible ball coach , and had not been instructed to account for 12 % .
About 61 % of the site ' s space is considered to be sufficient , and it is considered that the site ' s spacious surplus accounted for 29 % of the space , which accounts for only 10 percent of the space . 65 percent said the facilities lacked , 27 percent said the facilities were complete enough , and only 8 percent thought the facilities had plenty of surplus .

( 5 ) Factor analysis results : The main influencing factors of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and old - aged people in Yulin district of Jinzhong City are four factors : participation subject influence factor , impact factor of flexible ball project , software and hardware influence factor , government , media and financial impact factor .

Conclusions and recommendations :

( 1 ) Soft - force ball movement plays a positive role in the physical and mental health of the middle - aged and old people , especially in the middle - aged and old women , but there are few male participants . Therefore , attention should be paid to attracting more middle - aged and male fans with stronger learning ability to participate in the soft - force ball movement .

( 2 ) The flexible ball movement has not been established in our country till now , the management system is incomplete , the theory system is not perfect , greatly hinders the movement of the flexible ball in the middle - aged and elderly population . Therefore , it is necessary to speed up the work of flexible ball movement , perfect the theory system and management system of the flexible ball , enrich the practice content of the flexible ball , and strictly control the quality and the difficulty degree .

( 3 ) The number and area of flexible ball exercise field can meet the needs of middle - aged and elderly people , but there is still equipment shortage , too many individual sites , lack of professional coaches , competitions and training courses , and low overall level of exercise team . Therefore , to improve the construction of flexible ball movable station , increase the fund investment of field and equipment facilities , expand the scale and popularity of training courses and competitions , and improve the training system and mechanism of coaches .

( 4 ) Due to the low economic development level of Jinzhong city and the low level of media attention and the shortage of flexible ball station , the promotion and popularization of soft ball movement in the whole people range of Jinzhong City are restricted .
In combination with the present economic development level in Jinzhong City , we call upon the government and enterprises to give more financial support and assistance to flexible ball stations and exercise teams .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G849.9;G812.48

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