本文選題：健身指導員　切入點：培訓模式　出處：《山西大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有越來越多的人加入到健身鍛煉行列中,不同年齡段的人鍛煉方式不一：青少年兒童的體育課,成年人傾向于健身俱樂部,老年人的廣場舞�，F(xiàn)在,體育健身已經(jīng)成為了一種目的性比較強的并且具有組織性地活動。對于成年人的健美體型、老年人增強體質(zhì)、延緩衰老。相比較于競技體育奪取比賽成績、取得好名次以及實現(xiàn)個人功利的目的,健身體育則是以增強體質(zhì)和健康水平、提高生活質(zhì)量、謀求身心愉悅、延年益壽、提高勞動和工作的效率為主要目的。順應人們迫切的健身需求,健身俱樂部也迅速的發(fā)展起來,逐步從萌芽、探索階段向?qū)I(yè)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化和市場化方向發(fā)展。在健身俱樂部進行鍛煉和接受科學系統(tǒng)的健身指導已經(jīng)成為當前人們的主流健身方式。健身指導員在健身俱樂部起著重要的作用,是消費者的指導者,更是主要依賴對象,作為俱樂部中心骨干隊伍,是推動健身市場發(fā)展的關鍵。因此,他們的發(fā)展狀況引來了很多人的關注。因此,健身指導員的發(fā)展狀況引來了很多人的關注。本文通過運用文獻資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、專家訪談法、參與式觀察法、數(shù)據(jù)采集分析對2000年到2013年參加中國健美協(xié)會舉辦的中國等級健身指導員培訓的人員進行調(diào)查分析。結(jié)果表明：(1)中國健身俱樂部發(fā)展較早并在建立俱樂部的同時增加了健身教練員的培訓,并且通過市場化的運行取得了一定成效,吸納了大批學員。但從整體上看：各級教練占比失衡,一級教練指導員所占比例最多；從教練性別結(jié)構(gòu)上看：男性學員所占比例過大。性別和等級的結(jié)構(gòu)差異及不合理導致等級健身指導員的培訓和發(fā)展受到一定的客觀性限制。(2)在健身俱樂部中,員工流動量大,隨著年輕人的加入,俱樂部專兼職的健身指導員的年齡都較小、年輕健身指導員尤其是男性年輕指導員占據(jù)指導員隊伍的主流。指導員性別比例和健身學員性別比例開始出現(xiàn)不協(xié)調(diào),這種不協(xié)調(diào)在一些大城市中尤為明顯。在傳統(tǒng)呢觀念和心里因素的雙重影響下,指導員性別問題已成為發(fā)展等級健身指導的必須解決因素。(3)雖然在健身俱樂部工作的員工年齡都趨于年輕化,但是參加健身指導員培訓的學員文化水平呈現(xiàn)逐年上升趨勢。根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,大部分參加培訓大專、本科學歷的學員具占比例較大,健身指導員專業(yè)化和高水平化趨勢逐步顯現(xiàn)。(4)健身指導員職業(yè)化問題突出。兼職指導員在一定程度上極大緩解了俱樂部人力資源的緊張,但同時也對健身指導質(zhì)量和受眾人數(shù)形成負影響。兼職指導員缺乏精力、耐心,指導不專業(yè)等問題成為俱樂部投訴的主要內(nèi)容。由此得出：建立職業(yè)化的健身指導員隊伍刻不容緩。建立健身指導員資格標準、定期進行專業(yè)技能的培訓和考核,及時調(diào)整專兼職指導員的代課比例,應當成為下一階段發(fā)展的主要內(nèi)容之一。(5)健身指導理論水平和實際操作水平存在差異。雖然健身指導員的文化水平和學歷逐年上升,但缺乏在實際中的指導,導致高校畢業(yè)生在進行健身指導時無法有效的將理論知識和實際健身指導結(jié)合,導致民眾對健身指導員的認知度不高,在一定程度上阻礙了健身指導員的職業(yè)化發(fā)展和高校畢業(yè)生參加健身指導員的積極性。(6)職業(yè)執(zhí)教時間普遍少于3年。執(zhí)教時間普遍偏低使的指導員隊伍無法積累豐富的指導經(jīng)驗,而進一步使指導員職業(yè)化發(fā)展受阻。主要與等級健身指導員隊伍年輕化以及相關部門和健身俱樂部對其的管理和扶持意識較弱有關。(7)先培訓后從業(yè)和先從業(yè)后培訓現(xiàn)象同時存在,并且先從業(yè)后培訓占絕大多數(shù)。先從業(yè)后培訓的現(xiàn)象造成大多數(shù)從業(yè)指導員缺乏必要的實踐知識和實踐經(jīng)驗,并且后期培訓無法保證培訓質(zhì)量和次數(shù),從而使指導員隊伍在后期的發(fā)展上無法及時獲得知識補充和技能更新,阻礙了健身指導員隊伍的健康發(fā)展。(8)巡場指導員的工資普遍較低。低工資必然導致低積極性,低積極性可能導致健身指導員在學習期間的學習質(zhì)量和他們在健身行業(yè)工作的穩(wěn)定性遭到破壞。(9)不同項目的健身指導員指導水平和受歡迎程度而不同。優(yōu)秀的專職私人教練員周課時數(shù)多,指導工作時間較長,所授項目較受歡迎。而年輕、缺乏經(jīng)驗的指導員由于各方面的原因,受歡迎程度較低,同時授課積極性也較低。(10)兼職指導員在多家俱樂部同時授課現(xiàn)象嚴重,且并未簽訂勞動合同。缺乏精力、時間、法律等方面的保障導致指導員在繼續(xù)教育方面沒有明確的時間點和發(fā)展規(guī)劃。從而嚴重影響了指導員隊伍的發(fā)展。應加強對指導員客串代課和兼職代課的管理力度,建立符合規(guī)定的制度體系。
[Abstract]:There are now more and more people join the ranks of fitness exercise, people of different ages in different ways: training young children physical education, adults tend to fitness club, the elderly square dance. Now, sports fitness has become a kind of purpose is strong and has organized activities for. Elderly adults bodybuilding, enhance physical fitness, anti-aging. Compared to the competitive sports win the competition results, to get good rankings and achieve personal utilitarian purpose, fitness sports is to enhance physical fitness and health level, improve the quality of life, physical and mental pleasure seeking, prolong life, improve the efficiency of labor and work conform to the people as the main purpose. The urgent demand for physical fitness and fitness club also developed rapidly, gradually from the bud stage to explore, specialization, industrialization and the direction of the market. In the fitness club The music department training and scientific system of fitness instruction has become one of the mainstream fitness. Fitness instructor plays an important role in the fitness club, is a consumer guide, it is mainly dependent on the object, as the club center backbone team, is to promote the key fitness market development. Therefore, the status of their development attracted many people's attention. Therefore, the development of fitness instructors attracted a lot of people's attention. In this paper, by using the method of literature, questionnaire, expert interviews, participant observation, data collection and analysis in China grade fitness instructor training Chinese Bodybuilding Association on 2000 2013 to personnel to carry out investigation and analysis. The results showed that: (1) the development of China fitness club earlier and in the establishment of the club while increasing the fitness training coaches, and through the market The operation has achieved some success, to attract a large number of students. But on the whole: the coach proportion imbalance, an instructor instructor accounted for the largest proportion; from the point of view: the gender structure of coach male students proportion is too large. Differences in gender and grade structure and unreasonable guide training and development by grade fitness instructor is limited. The objectivity (2) in the health club, high employee turnover, with young people to join, part-time club fitness instructor's age are small, young fitnessinstructor especially young men refers to the mainstream guide member instructors. Instructors occupy the sex ratio and sex ratio of students to fitness there is not harmonious, the disharmony is particularly obvious in some big city. In the dual influence of traditional ideas and do heart factors, instructor gender issues has become the development level of fitness The guide must be solved. (3) although the work in the fitness club staff are becoming younger, but in the cultural level of students fitness instructor training increased year by year. According to the survey, most of the participating training college, undergraduate students have accounted for a large proportion of professional fitness instructor and a high level of the trend of gradually. (4) problems. The fitness instructor occupation part-time instructors in a certain extent, greatly easing the club human resource shortage, but also on the quality and fitness guide the audience formed a negative influence. Part-time instructors lack of energy, patience, without the guidance of professional issues become the main content of the club. The resulting complaints Occupation: to establish the fitness instructor team immediately. Establish fitness instructor qualification standards, regular professional skills training and assessment, A proportion of part-time instructors timely adjustment, should become one of the main parts of the next stage of development. (5) there are fitness guidance theoretical level and practical level differences. Although the fitness instructor's cultural level and education increased year by year, but the lack of practical guidance to college graduates in fitness guidance can not be effective the theoretical knowledge and practical fitness guidance combined, leading to public awareness of fitness instructor's enthusiasm is not high, to some extent hindered the development of fitness instructor occupation and college graduates to participate in fitness instructor. (6) occupation coach time is generally less than 3 years. Time is generally low the instructors cannot accumulate rich the guidance of experience, and further development is blocked. The main occupation instructor and grade fitness instructor team of young and related departments and health The club's management and support consciousness is weak. (7) after the first training after the first training of practitioners and practitioners of phenomena also exists, and the majority of employees after the first training. After training the first working phenomenon caused by the majority of practitioners instructors lack the necessary practical knowledge and practical experience, and to ensure the quality of training and post training the number, so that the instructors at the later stages of development can not be timely access to knowledge and skill renewal, hindered the healthy development of fitness instructor team. (8) the field instructor generally low wages. Low wages will lead to low enthusiasm, low enthusiasm may lead to fitness instructor in the study period, the quality of learning and they work in the fitness industry stability is destroyed. (9) different items of fitness instructor guidance level and popularity. Excellent full-time private coaches week When the number of guide, work for a long time, granted more popular items. While young, inexperienced instructors due to various reasons, the popularity is low, while the teaching enthusiasm is low. (10) in many clubs and part-time instructors teaching seriously, and lack of energy have not signed a labor contract. That time, legal and other aspects of the protection of lead instructors in the continuing education has no specific time point and development planning. It seriously affected the development of instructors. Instructors should strengthen to the guest and substitute part-time substitute management, establish a system of rules.

【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G812

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本文編號：1660082