發(fā)布時間：2018-03-23 00:04

  本文選題：學(xué)齡前兒童　切入點：體力活動　出處：《上海體育學(xué)院》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究目的基于體力活動客觀測量方法,測量上海市學(xué)齡前兒童日常體力活動水平,并以現(xiàn)行的學(xué)齡前兒童體力活動推薦量為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),評價上海市學(xué)齡前兒童體力活動達標(biāo)百分比。在此基礎(chǔ)上檢驗日常體力活動水平與認(rèn)知能力水平之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性,即體力活動水平高的學(xué)齡前兒童,是否同時表現(xiàn)出更好的認(rèn)知能力。并進一步研究外周血相關(guān)蛋白表達水平,是否在體力活動對認(rèn)知能力的影響中發(fā)揮中介作用。研究方法實驗一(第二章)根據(jù)前期已公布體力活動水平數(shù)據(jù),進行擬募集受試樣本量估計。根據(jù)知情、自愿原則,共在上海楊浦、寶山區(qū)7個幼兒園募集受試學(xué)齡前兒童306名(男,176名;女,130名)。利用美國產(chǎn)Acti Graph GT3X+作為體力活動測量工具,受試者連續(xù)7天佩戴GT3X+加速度傳感器來測量日常靜坐行為和體力活動水平(5個工作日和2個周末日),測試期間儀器佩戴和摘除均由受試者家長協(xié)助完成。工作人員在7天測試結(jié)束后的第8天收回儀器,儀器收回后首先利用Actilife(Version6.11.5)對數(shù)據(jù)進行下載、查看,對于測量數(shù)據(jù)不符合要求或有缺失數(shù)據(jù)的受試者,在征得家長同意后進行相應(yīng)補測。采樣間隔設(shè)置為1s,將輸出的原始counts值,以≤100counts/60秒,101-1679counts/60秒,1680-3367counts/60秒,≥3368counts/60秒為界值點計算得出每日靜坐行為(SB)、輕強度(LPA)、中強度(MPA)和大強度(VPA)體力活動時間,總體體力活動水平(TPA)等于LPA、MPA與VPA之和。實驗二(第三章)以《中國修訂韋氏智力量表簡式手冊》(以下簡稱《手冊》)為指導(dǎo),選取言語測驗和操作測驗各2項構(gòu)成“學(xué)齡前兒童智力簡式測驗量表”。2項言語測驗量表分之和構(gòu)成言語智商,2項操作測驗量表分之和構(gòu)成操作智商。根據(jù)《手冊》賦予4項測驗各自的權(quán)重系數(shù),最后計算總智商。受試者心肺適能采用20米往返跑測量;運動適能采用10米×2折返跑測量。利用線性回歸模型,探討校正個人特征(性別、年齡、BMI、行為表現(xiàn)得分)、家庭背景(父母學(xué)歷、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟收入)和體適能水平(心肺適能、運動適能)后,體力活動水平對認(rèn)知能力的影響。實驗三(第四章)受試學(xué)齡前兒童經(jīng)家長同意并簽署知情同書后,參加外周血IGF-1和BDNF檢測。采集受試兒童清晨肘正中靜脈血,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked Immunosorben Assay,ELISA),美國RD System公司生產(chǎn)(Human IGF-1Quantikine ELISA Kit;Human BDNF Quantikine ELISA Kit)試劑盒對血漿IGF-1和BDNF濃度進行檢測。采用線性回歸模型檢驗外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF是否在體力活動對認(rèn)知能力的影響中發(fā)揮中介作用。若假設(shè)成立,應(yīng)滿足以下三個條件:1,體力活動水平與認(rèn)知能力顯著相關(guān);2,體力活動水平應(yīng)與外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF含量顯著相關(guān);3,外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF含量在校正體力活動水平的前提下,與認(rèn)知能力顯著相關(guān)。研究結(jié)果實驗一(第二章)(1)根據(jù)滿足2個有效工作日+1個有效周末日數(shù)據(jù)的受試者納入統(tǒng)計分析的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),學(xué)齡前兒童體力活動測量無效35人,納入統(tǒng)計分析共計271人,有效率為88.6%。其中男童152人,女童119人(男童占55.7%)。平均有效佩戴天數(shù)為6.3天,佩戴時間為750.1分鐘�？傮w來說,學(xué)齡前兒童平均每天進行SB、LPA、MPA和VPA時間分別為580.6分鐘、98.6分鐘、40.3分鐘和31.6分鐘。除SB與MPA外,男童LPA、VPA、MVPA和TPA都顯著高于女童;正常體重、超重和肥胖學(xué)齡前兒童之間靜坐行為和不同強度體力活動水平無顯著差異;周末的MPA和TPA顯著高于工作日,與其對應(yīng)的是周末的SB要顯著低于工作日。(2)根據(jù)平均每天至少累積不同運動強度180分鐘,和平均每天至少累積中等強度以上運動60分鐘兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本研究中上海市學(xué)齡前兒童分別有37.6%和74.9%的受試者到達推薦量要求。實驗二(第三章)306名受試者中,完成認(rèn)知能力測試共計291人(男,165名;女,124名),其中5名受試者表現(xiàn)出明顯的智力發(fā)育遲緩(男4名;女1名,智商表現(xiàn)54.2-73.8分),不納入最后統(tǒng)計分析;包括需要校正的混雜因素,共有260名受試者數(shù)據(jù)完整(男童,144名;女童,116名)。在男童的回歸分析結(jié)果中,校正個人特征(性別、年齡、BMI、行為表現(xiàn)得分)、家庭背景(父母學(xué)歷、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟收入)和體適能水平(心肺適能、運動適能)后,仍表現(xiàn)出LPA與全智商存在顯著性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化回歸系數(shù)為0.260(P0.05)。女童回歸分析結(jié)果中,未表現(xiàn)出體力活動水平對認(rèn)知能力的顯著關(guān)聯(lián)性。實驗三(第四章)306名學(xué)齡前受試者中,自愿參加外周血IGF-1和BDNF檢測189名(男童,109名;女童,80名),其中體力活動水平、認(rèn)知能力測試、外周血IGF-1和BDNF數(shù)據(jù)都完整的,共174名(男,97名;女,77名),無論男童或女童的回歸分析結(jié)果中,均未見體力活動水平與外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF含量,以及外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF含量與認(rèn)知能力之間顯著關(guān)聯(lián)性。研究結(jié)論實驗一(第二章)本研究建立在體力活動客觀測量基礎(chǔ)之上,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)上海市學(xué)齡前兒童日常體力活動水平與他國同類研究報導(dǎo)數(shù)據(jù)相比,處于中等水平。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的學(xué)齡前兒童體力活動推薦量的要求,至少仍有25%的受試者未達標(biāo),尤其是女童。在今后的研究中,應(yīng)有意識的關(guān)注學(xué)齡前兒童體力活動干預(yù)方案,從小建立良好的運動習(xí)慣,增強體質(zhì)與健康水平。實驗二(第三章)本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在男童中,體力活動水平與認(rèn)知能力呈現(xiàn)顯著正關(guān)聯(lián)性,其中以LPA的影響最為顯著,LPA每提高10分鐘/天,全智商得分提高1.9分。結(jié)果提示我們在學(xué)齡前兒童階段,也許不需要過度強調(diào)體力活動的強度,可以更加關(guān)注日常體力活動總量。實驗三(第四章)從本研究結(jié)果中,未發(fā)現(xiàn)外周血IGF-1和/或BDNF在體力活動對于學(xué)齡前兒童認(rèn)知能力的有益影響中發(fā)揮中介作用。后期有待于更嚴(yán)格的實驗設(shè)計,如長期縱向跟蹤研究和干預(yù)實驗,進行進一步的探索和分析。
[Abstract]:Based on the purpose of physical activity objective measurement methods, measurement of daily physical activities of preschool children in Shanghai City, and to preschool children's physical activity the recommended amount as the standard, evaluation of Shanghai children's physical activity in preschool standard percentage. The correlation between test of daily physical activity level and cognitive level on the basis of this, i.e. preschool children with high levels of physical activity, whether also showed better cognitive performance. And further study the expression level of peripheral blood related protein, whether to play an intermediary role in physical activity effects on cognitive ability. Research methods (chapter second) according to the earlier published data of the level of physical activity, to be raised by the amount of sample estimation. According to the principle of voluntary, informed, Shanghai, Yangpu, Baoshan District 7 kindergarten raise by 306 preschool children (male, 176; female, 130 Name). Produced by the United States Acti Graph GT3X+ as a physical activity measurement tool, the subjects for 7 consecutive days with GT3X+ acceleration sensor to measure the daily sedentary behavior and physical activity level (5 days and 2 day weekend), and during the test instrument is worn by the subjects were the parents to help staff to recover. 7 days after the end of the test instrument in the eighth days after the first use of Actilife to recover the instrument (Version6.11.5) to download, view, for measurement data does not meet the requirements or subjects with missing data, the corresponding measure in the consent of the parents. The sampling interval is set to 1s, the output of the original counts value and in less than 100counts/60 seconds, 101-1679counts/60 seconds, 1680-3367counts/60 seconds, more than 3368counts/60 seconds for the value calculated daily sedentary behavior (SB), light intensity (LPA), strength (MPA) and high intensity physical activity (VPA) Overall, the level of physical activity (TPA) is equal to LPA, MPA and VPA. And experiment two (Chapter third) with < China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale short form (hereinafter referred to as the "manual manual > >) as a guide, select the verbal test and operation test of each constitute 2" Preschool children intelligence short test test scale.2 language test scale points and a verbal IQ, 2 operating scale of operation and intelligence. According to the weight coefficient of < > 4 manual gives each test, finally calculate the total IQ. The subjects of cardiorespiratory fitness by 20 m shuttle run sports fitness measurement; the 10 x 2 m shuttle run measurement. By using linear regression model to evaluate the correction of personal characteristics (gender, age, BMI, behavior score), family background (parents education, family structure, income) and fitness level (cardiorespiratory fitness, sports fitness, physical activity level) on the cognitive ability. Experiment three (Chapter fourth) subjects of preschool children by parents agreed and signed the informed consent form in peripheral blood IGF-1 and BDNF detection. To collect the children in the morning cubital vein blood, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Enzyme-linked Immunosorben, Assay, ELISA), System company (Human RD IGF-1Quantikine ELISA Kit; Human BDNF Quantikine ELISA) Kit kit to detect the plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentration. The linear regression model of peripheral blood IGF-1 test and / or whether BDNF play an intermediary role in physical activity effects on cognitive ability. If established, should meet the following three conditions: 1, significantly related to the level of physical activity and cognition 2, ability; the level of physical activity should be significantly correlated with peripheral blood IGF-1 and / or BDNF content; 3, peripheral blood IGF-1 and / or BDNF content in the premise of correcting the level of physical activity, significantly correlated with cognitive ability. The results in Experiment 1 (chapter second) (1) according to 2 working days +1 effective weekend data subjects were included in the statistical analysis of the standard of preschool children were measured physical activity invalid 35, included in the statistical analysis of a total of 271 people, of which 88.6%. efficiency of 152 boys, 119 girls (the boy accounted for 55.7%). The average effective wear for 6.3 days, wearing time is 750.1 minutes. Overall, preschool children daily average SB, LPA, MPA and VPA time were 580.6 minutes, 98.6 minutes, 40.3 minutes and 31.6 minutes. In addition to SB and MPA, VPA, MVPA and LPA in boys. TPA were significantly higher than girls; normal weight, overweight and obesity among preschool children in different intensity of sedentary behavior and physical activity level had no significant difference; the weekend MPA and TPA were significantly higher than that of working days, corresponding to a weekend of SB was significantly lower than working days. (2) according to the daily average Less accumulation of different exercise intensity for 180 minutes, and the average day at least 60 minutes of moderate cumulative two standards of preschool children in Shanghai city were the study subjects 37.6% and 74.9% reached the recommended amount requirements. In experiment two (Chapter third) 306 subjects, complete the total cognitive ability test 291 people (male, 165; female, 124), of which 5 subjects showed obvious mental retardation (male 4; female 1, performance IQ score 54.2-73.8), not included in the final statistical analysis; including confounding factors should be corrected, a total of 260 subjects with complete data (boys, 144; girls, 116 boys). In the analysis of the regression results, correction of personal characteristics (gender, age, BMI, behavior score), family background (parents education, family structure, income) and fitness level (cardiorespiratory fitness, sports fitness). Still demonstrated the presence of LPA and total IQ A significant positive correlation between the standardized regression coefficient was 0.260 (P0.05). The results of regression analysis in the girls, did not show a significant correlation between the level of physical activity on cognitive ability. In experiment three (Chapter fourth) 306 preschool subjects, voluntarily participate in the peripheral blood of IGF-1 and BDNF to test 189 (boys, 109; girls, 80), in which the level of physical activity, cognitive ability test, IGF-1 and BDNF data of peripheral blood are complete, a total of 174 patients (male, 97; female, 77), both regression analysis results of a boy or a girl, there was no physical activity level and peripheral blood IGF-1 and / or BDNF content, as well as between peripheral blood IGF-1 and / or BDNF content and cognitive ability significantly relevance. The conclusion of the study results (chapter second) this research based on physical activity objective measurement basis, found that preschool children in Shanghai City daily physical activity level of his country and similar research reports Compared with the data in the middle level of preschool children's physical activity. According to the current recommended amount, there are at least 25% subjects did not reach, especially girls. In future study, pay attention to preschool children physical activity intervention program should have the awareness, exercise habits from childhood Jian Liliang, enhance physical fitness and health the two level (Chapter third). The experimental results of this study found that in boys, physical activity level and cognitive ability has a significant positive correlation with LPA, the most obvious effect, improve the LPA every 10 minutes / day, total IQ score increased 1.9 points. The results suggest that in the stage of Preschool children, maybe not excessive emphasis on the intensity of physical activity, can pay more attention to daily physical activity. The total amount of experiment three (Chapter fourth) from the results of this study, not found in peripheral blood of IGF-1 and / or BDNF in physical activity for the cognitive ability of preschool children It plays a mediating role in the beneficial influence. Later, more rigorous experimental design is needed, such as long-term longitudinal tracking research and intervention experiments, for further exploration and analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G804.2
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本文編號：1650982