發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 14:19

  本文選題：大學(xué)生　切入點(diǎn)：課外體育鍛煉　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 課外體育鍛煉是一個(gè)相對的概念,從廣義上講,課外體育鍛煉泛指學(xué)生參加的除體育課以外的體育鍛煉活動(dòng),從狹義上講,它特指學(xué)生在學(xué)校內(nèi)從事的除體育課教學(xué)以外的體育鍛煉活動(dòng),指學(xué)生在課余時(shí)間里,運(yùn)用各種身體練習(xí)和方法,以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、活躍身心、提高運(yùn)動(dòng)技術(shù)水平和豐富業(yè)余文化生活等為目的而進(jìn)行的體育教育活動(dòng),它不僅僅是學(xué)校體育的組成部分,更是課外體育活動(dòng)的重要內(nèi)容。本文所提到的課外體育鍛煉是指狹義的課外體育鍛煉。 長期以來,人們習(xí)慣把課外體育鍛煉看成是體育課的延伸和補(bǔ)充,它是從屬于體育課的,為體育課教學(xué)服務(wù)。在這種觀念的影響下,很多學(xué)校在安排課外體育鍛煉時(shí)只考慮它的延伸性,體育課教什么,課外體育鍛煉就練什么,忽視學(xué)生對運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣和需要,忽視學(xué)生的心理感受和個(gè)性發(fā)展,其結(jié)果往往導(dǎo)致學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)鞏固某些有形技術(shù)技能動(dòng)作時(shí)都表示,不愿意再練習(xí)體育課上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,盡管近兩年來有許多學(xué)者在研究課外體育鍛煉時(shí)都提出了發(fā)展學(xué)生個(gè)性的問題,然而在實(shí)踐中,還沒有把它擺放到應(yīng)有的位置上。 2007年5月份中共中央印發(fā)了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)青少年體育增強(qiáng)青少年體質(zhì)的意見》的文件,文件指出,“當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期,要認(rèn)真落實(shí)‘健康第一'的指導(dǎo)思想,建立健全學(xué)校體育工作機(jī)制,充分保證學(xué)校體育課和學(xué)生體育活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)青少年良好的體育鍛煉習(xí)慣和健康的生活方式,形成青少年熱愛體育、崇尚運(yùn)動(dòng)、健康向上的良好風(fēng)氣和全社會(huì)珍視健康、重視體育的濃厚氛圍,廣泛開展‘全國億萬學(xué)生陽光體育運(yùn)動(dòng)',鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生走向操場、走進(jìn)大自然、走到陽光下,形成青少年體育鍛煉的熱潮”,“保證學(xué)生每天鍛煉一小時(shí),每個(gè)學(xué)生每周至少參加三次課外體育鍛煉”,這無疑為青少年參加課外體育鍛煉提供了一個(gè)很好的契機(jī)和平臺(tái),為學(xué)校更加廣泛深入地開展課外體育鍛煉注入了新的生機(jī)與活力。因此,在這樣的政策背景下學(xué)校體育的作用也變得日益突出,學(xué)校體育的任務(wù)也變得更加明確和艱巨。學(xué)校課外體育鍛煉不僅是全民健身的熱點(diǎn),通過積極主動(dòng)的身體活動(dòng)來鍛煉身體、增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),它還是終身體育的重要環(huán)節(jié),為終身體育打下良好的體質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)還培養(yǎng)廣大學(xué)生終身體育的意識(shí)、習(xí)慣和能力。我們要認(rèn)識(shí)課外體育鍛煉在學(xué)校教育教育中的地位和作用,全面貫徹黨和國家的方針,以迎接2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)為契機(jī),進(jìn)一步激發(fā)他們對體育活動(dòng)的參與意識(shí),培養(yǎng)他們的健康意識(shí)與行為,使課外體育鍛煉為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)培養(yǎng)中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的合格建設(shè)者和接班人。 本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、對比分析法等研究方法,對山東省高校大學(xué)生參加課外體育鍛煉的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)查分析,在研究過程中得出了以下結(jié)論: 1.山東省高校大學(xué)生參加課外體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)比較明確且趨向多元化,態(tài)度比較積極,有66.86%的在校大學(xué)生都能積極主動(dòng)地參加課外體育鍛煉,希望通過體育鍛煉,增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、減輕學(xué)習(xí)生活中的壓力、豐富自己的業(yè)余生活,但仍有33.14%的大學(xué)生對課外體育鍛煉不是很感興趣,同時(shí)男生與女生在參與課外體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)和態(tài)度上存在著顯著的差異。 2山東省高校大學(xué)生課外體育鍛煉的形式多樣,內(nèi)容豐富,有8%的學(xué)生經(jīng)常獨(dú)自一人參加課外體育鍛煉,有78%的學(xué)生與同學(xué)一起參加課外體育鍛煉,有14%的學(xué)生只有組織的統(tǒng)一活動(dòng)才參加,另外還有一部分學(xué)生參加課外體育鍛煉具有一定的盲目性,無計(jì)劃,缺乏科學(xué)合理的安排,管理的松弛也造成體育意識(shí)的偏差和下降。 3影響山東省高校大學(xué)生課外體育鍛煉的因素是多方面的,主要因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)壓力大時(shí)間不足、場地器材缺乏、上網(wǎng)耗時(shí)多、組織和指導(dǎo)欠缺等,不同性別、年級和系別之間存在著差異。高校體育設(shè)施的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足,體育設(shè)施建設(shè)數(shù)量、體育設(shè)施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏低,嚴(yán)重制約著體育設(shè)施的建設(shè)發(fā)展,山東省高校的多數(shù)室內(nèi)體育場館和部分露天體育場地都實(shí)行“收費(fèi)政策”,在很大程度上削弱了在校大學(xué)生參加課外體育鍛煉的興趣。 4山東省高校由于體育場館、體育教學(xué)設(shè)施、學(xué)校類型等因素的不同,導(dǎo)致了體育群體意識(shí)的差異,決定了校園體育文化氛圍不夠濃厚、活躍,制約了學(xué)生的體育知識(shí)、技術(shù)、技能的學(xué)習(xí),影響了學(xué)生組織能力、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、自我鍛煉能力的提高。 5山東省高校體育工作者宣傳、教育、指導(dǎo)等工作力度不夠,課外體育鍛煉只是把學(xué)生局限在校園內(nèi),處于封閉狀態(tài)下,與家庭體育和社會(huì)體育產(chǎn)生分離,造成了兩者在目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容、形式上的脫節(jié),不利于全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的普及和終身體育的開展。
[Abstract]:Extracurricular physical exercise is a relative concept, broadly speaking, refers to the students to participate in extracurricular physical exercise in addition to physical education and physical training activities, in a narrow sense, it refers to the students in the school except in PE teaching and physical training activities, students in their spare time, using a variety of body exercises and methods to enhance the physical, mental and physical activity, improve sports skills and enrich the amateur cultural life for the purpose of physical education activities, it is not only a part of the school physical education, is an important content of extracurricular sports activities. The extracurricular physical exercise refers to the special extracurricular physical exercise.
For a long time, people used to the extracurricular physical exercise as the extension and supplement of physical education, it is subordinate to the sports class, serving for the physical education. Under this influence, many schools only consider the extension of it in the arrangement of extracurricular physical exercise, physical education teach what extracurricular physical exercise practice what, ignore students' interest in sports and to ignore students' psychological feelings and personality development, the results often lead students to consolidate certain physical skills in action review said, do not want to practise sports course content, although in recent years many scholars have put forward the development of students' personality problems in the study of extracurricular physical exercise, but in practice, have not put it into the proper position.
In 2007 May, the CPC Central Committee issued "on strengthening the youth sports enhance youth physical view > document, the document pointed out that the current and future periods, to seriously implement the" health first "the guiding ideology, establish a sound working mechanism of school sports, fully guarantee the school physical education classes and sports activities of the students, cultivate the good way of life physical exercise habits and health of teenagers, teenagers love the sports form, athleticism, health upward good atmosphere and the whole society pay attention to cherish health, sports atmosphere, widely carry out" sunshine sports for millions of students' all over the country, encouraging students to the playground, into the nature, going into the sun, the formation of youth sports exercise "boom," to ensure that students exercise one hour a day, at least three times each week students in extracurricular physical exercise, this undoubtedly for teenagers to participate in extracurricular Provides a good opportunity and platform for the school physical exercise, more extensive extracurricular physical exercise has injected new vigor and vitality. Therefore, such a policy in the context of the role of school sports has become increasingly prominent, the task of the school sports has become more clear and arduous. The school extracurricular physical exercise not only is the focus of national fitness, through active physical activity to exercise, enhance physical fitness, it is still an important part of lifelong physical education, physical lifelong lay a good foundation for sports, but also cultivate students' lifelong sports consciousness, habits and abilities. We should know the position and role of extracurricular physical exercise in school education in education, fully implement the guidelines of the party and the country, to greet the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as an opportunity to further stimulate their awareness of participation in sports activities, cultivate their health Health consciousness and behavior, make extracurricular physical exercise as the qualified builder and successor for the modernization of the socialist cause of Chinese characteristics.
Based on literature, questionnaire, comparative analysis and other research methods, this paper investigates and analyzes the current situation of College Students' extracurricular physical exercise in Shandong Province, and draws the following conclusions in the research process.
1. Shandong college students to participate in extracurricular physical exercise motivation and diversification, more positive attitude, 66.86% of undergraduates are able to participate in the extracurricular physical training actively, to enhance physical fitness through exercise, alleviate the pressure of life, enrich their leisure life, but there are still 33.14% of the students extracurricular physical exercise is not very interested in, at the same time, boys and girls. There are significant differences in extracurricular physical exercise motivation and attitude.
2 the Shandong province university student extracurricular physical training in various forms, rich in content, 8% of the students are often alone in extracurricular physical exercise, there are 78% students and students together to participate in the extracurricular physical exercise, unified activity of 14% students only to participate, there is also a part of students participating in extracurricular physical exercise is blind no, the plan, the lack of scientific and reasonable arrangement, management also caused a deviation of consciousness of physical relaxation and decline.
3 Influence Factors of college students in Shandong province extracurricular physical exercise is various, mainly because of lack of study pressure, lack of facilities, the Internet takes a lot of time, organization and lack of guidance, there are difference between different gender, grade and other sports facilities. The lack of funding, the number of sports facilities, sports facilities the standard is low, seriously restricting the development of sports facilities in Colleges and universities in Shandong Province, the majority of indoor sports venues and stadiums are part of the implementation of "charging policy" has greatly weakened the college students to participate in extracurricular physical exercise interest.
4 colleges and universities in Shandong Province as sports venues, sports teaching facilities, school type and other factors, led to the difference of group consciousness of sports, determines the campus sports culture atmosphere is not strong, active, restricted their sports knowledge, technology, skill learning, influence students' organizational ability, athletic ability, self exercise ability to improve.
5 the Shandong province university sports education workers, propaganda, guidance is not enough, but the limitations of students extracurricular physical exercise in the campus, in a closed state, the separation of sports and family sports and society, caused both in the target, content, and section form, is not conducive to the popularity of fitness and lifelong sports the development of sports.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：G807.4

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