本文選題：公開水域游泳　切入點(diǎn)：國家公開水域游泳隊　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自從公開水域男女10公里游泳比賽作為奧運(yùn)會比賽項(xiàng)目以來,競技公開水域不確定因素相比較多、挑戰(zhàn)難度較大、對其觀賞性強(qiáng),越來越受到人們的追捧與參與。其比賽與泳池比賽不同的是,在自然水域游程長、游進(jìn)中技戰(zhàn)術(shù)又受外界環(huán)境影響的因素多、這就對運(yùn)動員心理素質(zhì)與身體能力有著巨大的考驗(yàn)。回歸我國,在競技公開水域游泳起步比國外晚,但發(fā)展及其迅猛,在與國外優(yōu)秀的教練員與運(yùn)動員相比中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),我國公開水域游泳運(yùn)動員的整體水平和教練員的訓(xùn)練方式中還存在一定差距。賽前訓(xùn)練是備戰(zhàn)周期的重中之重,正確合理、有效掌握賽前訓(xùn)練將直接影響到運(yùn)動員的比賽狀態(tài)。在里約奧運(yùn)會上,運(yùn)動員祖立軍取得了第四名的優(yōu)異成績,創(chuàng)造了我國男子公開水域項(xiàng)目的歷史。取得這樣優(yōu)異的成績與其賽前訓(xùn)練的合理安排是密不可分的。因此,本文以國家公開水域游泳隊賽前8周的訓(xùn)練安排為研究主題,為從事我國公開水域游泳的教練員與運(yùn)動員針對賽前合理安排訓(xùn)練提供借鑒與參考。通過研究,本文得到如下結(jié)論:一、國家公開水域游泳隊2016年奧運(yùn)會賽前訓(xùn)練從時間的劃分上,呈現(xiàn)出3—3—2的特點(diǎn),分為過渡恢復(fù)、適應(yīng)訓(xùn)練以及臨賽調(diào)整三個階段。二、國家公開水域游泳隊賽前訓(xùn)練期各階段訓(xùn)練任務(wù)呈現(xiàn)出以下特征:過渡恢復(fù)階段重視提高運(yùn)動員的基礎(chǔ)能力;適應(yīng)訓(xùn)練階段的重點(diǎn)是提升運(yùn)動員的專項(xiàng)能力;臨賽調(diào)整階段著重調(diào)整運(yùn)動員的身體機(jī)能。三、通過對國家公開水域游泳隊教練員訓(xùn)練計劃分析后得出結(jié)論,水上訓(xùn)練課為主,水陸結(jié)合的方式,相互補(bǔ)充并且促進(jìn)運(yùn)動員專項(xiàng)競技能力的提高。水上訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容以有氧訓(xùn)練、混合代謝訓(xùn)練、無氧訓(xùn)練和技戰(zhàn)術(shù)訓(xùn)練為主。陸上訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)為力量訓(xùn)練與耐力訓(xùn)練,階段訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)經(jīng)歷了從耐力訓(xùn)練、一般力量到專項(xiàng)力量訓(xùn)練的轉(zhuǎn)變。四、在研究國家公開水域游泳隊的手段方法中我們得出這樣的規(guī)律,國家公開水域游泳隊訓(xùn)練方法手段比較多元化,水上訓(xùn)練主要采用了中長距離的持續(xù)游、中短距離的間歇游、中長時間的重復(fù)游和10公里的實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬比賽。陸上力量訓(xùn)練主要集中在小肌肉群和綜合力量,多采用循環(huán)訓(xùn)練發(fā)展耐力。五、國家公開水域游泳隊的賽前訓(xùn)練的負(fù)荷安排基本遵循超量恢復(fù)機(jī)制.負(fù)荷量和負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度的變化特點(diǎn)為:負(fù)荷量成先遞增后成V型的趨勢;負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度在過渡恢復(fù)階段是最低的,經(jīng)歷4周量的積累后強(qiáng)度在第5周達(dá)到最高,并呈現(xiàn)保持的趨勢。
[Abstract]:Since the men's and women's 10km swimming competition in open waters as an Olympic event, there are many uncertain factors in competitive open waters, which are difficult to challenge and have a strong appreciation for them. Different from swimming pool competitions, people are more and more popular and participate in swimming. Unlike swimming pools, there are many factors that affect their skills and tactics in natural waters, such as swimming in natural waters, and other factors affecting their skills and tactics in the process of swimming. This is a great test of athletes' psychological quality and physical ability. When we return to our country, swimming in competitive open waters starts later than abroad, but its development is extremely rapid. Compared with foreign excellent coaches and athletes, we find that, There is still a certain gap between the overall level of swimming athletes in the open waters of our country and the training methods of coaches. Pre-competition training is the most important part of the preparation cycle, and it is correct and reasonable. Effective control of pre-competition training will directly affect the state of the athletes. At the Rio Olympics, the athletes' ZuLijun made 4th outstanding achievements. Has created the history of our country's men's open water project. The achievement of such excellent results is inextricably related to the reasonable arrangement of its pre-competition training. Therefore, this paper takes the training arrangement of the national open water swimming team 8 weeks before the race as the research topic. This paper provides reference and reference for coaches and athletes who are engaged in swimming in open waters of our country to arrange the training before the competition. Through the research, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. In 2016, the National Open Water Swimming team showed the characteristics of 3-3-2 in terms of time division before the Olympic Games, which was divided into three stages: transitional recovery, adaptive training and adjustment of the race. The training tasks of the national open water swimming team during the pre-competition training period show the following characteristics: emphasis on improving the basic ability of the athletes in the transitional recovery stage, emphasis on enhancing the specific ability of the athletes in the adaptation training stage; During the adjustment phase of the competition, emphasis is placed on adjusting the physical functions of the athletes. Third, through the analysis of the training plan for coaches of the National Open Water Swimming team, it is concluded that the water training class is the main one and the combination of water and land is the way. The contents of water training are aerobic training, mixed metabolism training, anaerobic training and technical and tactical training. The emphasis of onshore training is strength training and endurance training. The emphasis of the stage training has undergone a shift from endurance training, general strength training to special strength training. Fourthly, in studying the means of the national open water swimming team, we have come to this rule. The training methods of the national swimming team in the open waters are quite diversified. The main methods of training on the water are continuous swimming at medium and long distances and intermittent swimming at medium and short distances. Repeated swimming for medium and long periods and actual combat simulation competitions of 10 kilometers. Land strength training is mainly concentrated on small muscle groups and comprehensive strength, and most of them use cyclic training to develop endurance. The load arrangement for pre-competition training of the national open water swimming team basically follows the over-recovery mechanism. The variation characteristics of load volume and load intensity are as follows: the load quantity increases first and then becomes V-type, and the load intensity is the lowest in the transitional recovery stage. After 4 weeks of accumulation, the intensity reached the highest in the fifth week, and showed a trend of maintenance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.1

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