本文選題：疲勞　切入點(diǎn)：落地　出處：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景跑、跳運(yùn)動(dòng)中下肢所受的過(guò)度沖擊被認(rèn)為是造成運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的原因之一�，F(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的結(jié)構(gòu)和材質(zhì)理論上能夠避免足部和下肢在跑、跳過(guò)程中承受過(guò)多的沖擊力。然而,由于人體自身存在一定的適應(yīng)和調(diào)節(jié)能力,進(jìn)而使運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的緩沖避震作用已不僅局限于單純的力學(xué)效果。另外,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間高強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)必然導(dǎo)致疲勞,而神經(jīng)肌肉疲勞則會(huì)導(dǎo)致下肢肌-骨控制的改變,那么此時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的緩沖功能是否會(huì)更顯著?因此本研究的目的是探討疲勞狀態(tài)下穿緩沖型/無(wú)緩沖運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋對(duì)落地動(dòng)作下肢沖擊力特征以及運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響。研究方法選取上海體育學(xué)院15名籃球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員(22.1±1.7歲,179.3±3.2厘米,72.2±5.5公斤),受試者按要求接受15×4米折返跑,接著完成連續(xù)5次縱跳為一組的運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),直到受試者縱跳高度無(wú)法達(dá)到其疲勞前最大縱跳高度的70%。使用10個(gè)Vicon紅外高速攝像頭(采樣頻率240Hz)和2塊Kistler三維測(cè)力臺(tái)(采樣頻率1200Hz)成功同步采集3次疲勞前后受試者穿不同緩沖性能的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋從60cm高落下時(shí)的地面反作用力、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),并采用雙因素重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),顯著性水平α設(shè)為0.05。研究結(jié)果1)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋在疲勞前后對(duì)髖、膝、踝三關(guān)節(jié)矢狀面運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的影響穿不同緩沖性能的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋在疲勞前后,在髖、膝、踝三關(guān)節(jié)的觸地(最大)角度、最小角度以及到達(dá)時(shí)間和關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度方面均未發(fā)現(xiàn)有顯著性的差異;另外在最大關(guān)節(jié)角速度上,僅發(fā)現(xiàn)疲勞前髖關(guān)節(jié)處,穿高緩沖運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋時(shí)角速度顯著大于對(duì)照組,其他方面都沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著差異;2)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋在疲勞前后對(duì)踝關(guān)節(jié)矢狀面動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響針對(duì)踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈峰值力矩和關(guān)節(jié)剛度,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)疲勞前后穿著不同緩沖性能運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋時(shí),踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈力矩和關(guān)節(jié)剛度并沒(méi)有發(fā)生顯著性的改變,在到達(dá)峰值時(shí)間上也不存在顯著性變化;3)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋在疲勞前后對(duì)下肢所受垂直方向沖擊力的影響針對(duì)沖擊力和負(fù)載率我們發(fā)現(xiàn),疲勞后穿著高緩沖鞋的后跟處沖擊力峰值、負(fù)載率和前掌的負(fù)載率均顯著小于對(duì)照組(p0.01),同時(shí)到達(dá)前掌沖擊力峰值的時(shí)間也顯著更長(zhǎng)(p0.05);另外在疲勞前高緩沖鞋后跟處負(fù)載率也顯著更小(p0.01)。研究結(jié)論在神經(jīng)-肌肉疲勞前,運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋減震作用在落地沖擊過(guò)程中并不突出;但當(dāng)疲勞后,理論上神經(jīng)肌骨系統(tǒng)控制在人體落地動(dòng)作中的作用減弱,盡管在下肢生物力學(xué)特征(如運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué))本研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯差異,但是穿著高緩沖鞋無(wú)論是在減小前掌或后跟的沖擊力或是負(fù)載率的效果相比疲勞前更為顯著。因此,運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋可以在人體神經(jīng)—肌肉疲勞前為機(jī)體提供一定的沖擊減震保護(hù);但在疲勞后,人體下肢神經(jīng)肌肉控制策略減弱時(shí),運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的緩沖保護(hù)作用更加顯著進(jìn)而可能有利于降低疲勞后落地沖擊損傷的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Background running, the excessive impact on the lower limbs in jumping is considered to be one of the causes of sports injuries. The structure and material of modern sports shoes can theoretically avoid excessive impact on the foot and lower limbs during running and jumping. Because the human body has the ability to adapt and adjust itself, the cushioning and shock absorber of sports shoes is not only limited to the simple mechanical effect, but also the fatigue caused by the long time and high intensity exercise. But the neuromuscular fatigue will lead to lower limb muscle-bone control changes, then the sneaker buffering function will be more significant? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of wearing cushioning / non-cushioning sneakers on the impact force characteristics, kinematics and dynamics of the lower extremity of landing movement under fatigue. The research method is to select 15 basketball players from Shanghai Institute of physical Education. The athletes were 22.1 鹵1.7 years old and 179.3 鹵3.2 cm / 72.2 鹵5.5 kg / kg respectively. The subjects accepted the 15 脳 4 meter reentry race as required. And then completed five consecutive longitudinal jumps into a group of exercise intervention, The maximum vertical jump height of the subjects before fatigue was not up to 70. Ten Vicon infrared high-speed cameras (sampling frequency 240 Hz) and two Kistler 3D force measuring stations (sampling frequency 1 200 Hz) were successfully used to synchronize the acquisition of 3 times before and after fatigue. The subjects wore sneakers with different cushioning properties to react on the ground when they fell from a height of 60 cm. The parameters of kinematics and dynamics were analyzed by means of double factor repeated analysis of variance. The significant level of 偽 was set to 0.05. The results showed that 1) the hip and knee of different sneakers were compared before and after fatigue. The effect of sagittal kinematics on ankle triangulation: wear sneakers with different cushioning properties before and after fatigue, touching the ground (maximum) angle of the hip, knee, and ankle joints before and after fatigue, There was no significant difference in the minimum angle, the time of arrival and the joint motion. In addition, on the maximum joint angular velocity, only the hip joint before fatigue was found, and the angular velocity of high cushioning sneaker was significantly higher than that of the control group. No significant difference was found in other aspects. (2) the effect of different sports shoes on the sagittal dynamics of ankle joint before and after fatigue. The peak moment of metatarsal flexion and stiffness of ankle joint were studied. We found that when wearing sneakers with different cushioning performance before and after fatigue, There were no significant changes in the ankle metatarsal flexion torque and joint stiffness. There is no significant change in the time of reaching the peak value. (3) the influence of different sneakers on the perpendicular impact force of lower extremities before and after fatigue. We found that the peak impact force at the heel of high cushioning shoes after fatigue was found to be due to the impact force and load rate. The load rate and the load rate of the front palms were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the time to reach the peak impact force of the front palms was significantly longer than that of the control group, and the load rate at the heel of the high cushioning shoes before fatigue was also significantly smaller than that of the control group. The shock absorption effect of sports shoes is not prominent in the course of landing impact; but after fatigue, the function of neural muscle and bone system control in the human body landing action is weakened theoretically. Although there is no significant difference in lower limb biomechanical characteristics (such as kinematics and dynamics), wearing high cushioning shoes is more effective than fatigue in reducing the impact force or load rate of the front soles or heels. Sports shoes can provide certain shock absorber protection for human body before nerve-muscle fatigue, but after fatigue, the neuromuscular control strategy of human lower extremity is weakened. The cushioning effect of sports shoes is more significant, which may help to reduce the occurrence of landing impact damage after fatigue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.6

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 吉·羅瑞特;朱為模;;肌肉疲勞與肌纖維類型、酶活性及無(wú)氧能力[J];體育科技;1985年01期

2 張堅(jiān);;肌肉疲勞與肌電圖的表現(xiàn)(文獻(xiàn)綜述)[J];體育科研;1987年11期

3 周石 ,熊開(kāi)宇;對(duì)肌肉疲勞過(guò)程中電——機(jī)械延遲變化規(guī)律的探討[J];北京體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1989年03期

4 劉志成;;運(yùn)動(dòng)按摩對(duì)肌肉疲勞恢復(fù)的作用[J];體育科學(xué);1991年03期

5 劉建立;短跑訓(xùn)練中肌肉疲勞的生理特點(diǎn)及恢復(fù)[J];少年體育訓(xùn)練;2003年05期

6 H·吉本森 ,R·H·T·愛(ài)德華 ,馬力宏;若干種因素導(dǎo)致肌肉疲勞[J];體育教學(xué)與科研;1986年04期

7 陳勝利;張立;;表面肌電信號(hào)分析評(píng)價(jià)肌肉疲勞的有效性和敏感性[J];武漢體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年12期

8 任玉衡;;解除下肢肌肉疲勞的簡(jiǎn)便方法——踩腿[J];中國(guó)體育科技;1981年Z1期

9 E·阿斯苗森;周石;;肌肉疲勞[J];中國(guó)體育科技;1983年10期

10 張秋霞;張林;王國(guó)祥;;局部肌肉疲勞對(duì)踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺(jué)的影響[J];體育科學(xué);2011年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前4條

1 馬治家;姚素英;;一種評(píng)定肌肉疲勞的方法[A];第一屆全國(guó)人—機(jī)—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集[C];1993年

2 袁慧儀;任能博;;利用脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白及多種手法監(jiān)控肌肉疲勞[A];2002年第9屆全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文摘要匯編[C];2002年

3 李秀榮;陸世添;張立;;NIRS測(cè)量的肌氧含量與EMG參數(shù)在肌肉疲勞時(shí)的變化及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系[A];第七屆全國(guó)體育科學(xué)大會(huì)論文摘要匯編（二）[C];2004年

4 田石榴;劉宇;彭千華;;老年人肌力流失與肌肉疲勞的肌動(dòng)圖研究[A];第十一屆全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)交流大會(huì)論文匯編（摘要）[C];2006年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前8條

1 北京康比特運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)研究所 孫鳳華;“吃”掉肌肉疲勞[N];中國(guó)體育報(bào);2008年

2 陳關(guān)瑚;防“腰突”注意啥[N];醫(yī)藥養(yǎng)生保健報(bào);2007年

3 北京大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院 金昱 郭新彪;極限運(yùn)動(dòng)的疲勞與營(yíng)養(yǎng)[N];健康報(bào);2000年

4 ;強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)后不要洗冷水澡[N];衛(wèi)生與生活報(bào);2003年

5 健康時(shí)報(bào)特約專家 趙厚薇;夏天洗腳也要用熱水[N];健康時(shí)報(bào);2005年

6 王智;運(yùn)動(dòng)幫你入睡[N];健康時(shí)報(bào);2004年

7 上海體育大學(xué) 史仍飛;關(guān)節(jié)不適別練動(dòng)感單車[N];健康時(shí)報(bào);2009年

8 曉衛(wèi);咖啡有時(shí)不“友善”[N];中國(guó)醫(yī)藥報(bào);2005年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 蔡斌;腫瘤與慢性關(guān)節(jié)疾病引發(fā)肌肉疲勞的相關(guān)研究[D];上海交通大學(xué);2014年

2 余慧杰;具有生理學(xué)特性的高精度人體肌肉疲勞建模及其在手臂屈伸運(yùn)動(dòng)中的應(yīng)用研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2008年

3 烏薩馬（Usama Jasim Naeem）;根據(jù)肌電圖（EMG）信號(hào)評(píng)估人手臂肌肉力和肌肉疲勞的人工智能方法[D];華中科技大學(xué);2013年

4 郭峰;指屈肌次最大隨意等長(zhǎng)收縮誘發(fā)疲勞過(guò)程中中樞神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)機(jī)制研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2014年

5 尚西亮;碳酸酐酶Ⅲ與肌肉疲勞之間的關(guān)系及其對(duì)疲勞消除作用的初步觀察[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 李培暢;肌肉疲勞進(jìn)程中的超聲信號(hào)衰減特性研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2015年

2 李霖;基于虛擬儀器的骨骼肌肉疲勞超聲測(cè)試系統(tǒng)[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2015年

3 常婧;基于疲勞速率和剩余最大自主肌力的二維肌肉疲勞指標(biāo)[D];清華大學(xué);2015年

4 姚瑞祥;基于生物力學(xué)的騎行褲墊研究[D];上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2016年

5 劉陽(yáng);懸吊訓(xùn)練對(duì)青年人群肌肉疲勞程度的肌電特征分析[D];吉林體育學(xué)院;2016年

6 張曉偉;基于運(yùn)動(dòng)信息監(jiān)測(cè)的可穿戴系統(tǒng)研究[D];北京服裝學(xué)院;2017年

7 章悅;基于肌音信號(hào)的靜動(dòng)態(tài)肌肉收縮疲勞特征研究[D];華東理工大學(xué);2017年

8 王熙;神經(jīng)—肌肉疲勞前后運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋對(duì)落地沖擊的下肢生物力學(xué)影響[D];上海體育學(xué)院;2017年

9 盧寧艷;局部肌肉疲勞的肌電和腦電反應(yīng)模式[D];浙江大學(xué);2005年

10 葉偉;靜態(tài)運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷誘發(fā)肌肉疲勞過(guò)程中SEMG信號(hào)變化的生理機(jī)制[D];浙江大學(xué);2002年

，

本文編號(hào)：1596147