本文選題：11—12歲　切入點：男子　出處：《首都體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人體在水中游進的阻力很大。根據(jù)流體力學(xué)定律,水的阻力與物體在水平運動的速度平方成正比,運動速度越快受到的阻力越大。此外,游泳運動與其他周期性運動項目相比需要動用肌肉群,因此這就對游泳運動員的力量能力提出了更高的要求。游泳運動員的抗阻訓(xùn)練,其目的不應(yīng)是一般性的身體訓(xùn)練,而是有針對性地加強在游泳中推動運動員前進的肌群。目前抗阻訓(xùn)練的手段數(shù)以百計,但如果不加以選擇很可能適得其反。如何依據(jù)少年游泳運動員的身心特點、運動訓(xùn)練規(guī)律、游泳項目特點及解剖力學(xué)原理等,科學(xué)合理地安排陸上抗阻訓(xùn)練以提高訓(xùn)練效益是當(dāng)前青少年游泳訓(xùn)練面臨的重要問題。本研究嘗試在學(xué)習(xí)前輩學(xué)者研究成果和教練員經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合自己的理論學(xué)習(xí)及運動訓(xùn)練實踐經(jīng)驗,運用運動訓(xùn)練理論、游泳專項訓(xùn)練理論、教育學(xué)理論以及相關(guān)學(xué)科的理論,結(jié)合青少年身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律,采用文獻資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、專家訪談法、實驗法及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法等研究方法,在充分調(diào)查基層少年體校陸上抗阻訓(xùn)練基本情況的前提下,從眾多抗阻訓(xùn)練中篩選出符合11-12歲男子運動員身心發(fā)展特點的科學(xué)合理的手段,并以20名西城體校的11-12歲男子游泳運動員為實驗對象,劃分為兩組,分別為實驗組和對照組,進行了8周的對比試驗。實驗組采用篩選出的抗阻練習(xí)安排力量訓(xùn)練課,對照組則采用傳統(tǒng)的力量訓(xùn)練方法安排訓(xùn)練課。得出以下結(jié)論:1.篩選出適合少年男子游泳運動員陸上訓(xùn)練的手段包括:等動拉力、瑞士球藥球、引體向上、抗阻力沖刺跑、負(fù)重跳躍和負(fù)重提踵等。2.實驗組與對照組在實驗干預(yù)后進行組間陸上身體素質(zhì)對比,表明進行陸上抗阻訓(xùn)練方案的訓(xùn)練效果明顯優(yōu)于常規(guī)力量練習(xí)的訓(xùn)練效果。3.實驗組與對照組在實驗干預(yù)后進行組間水中專項成績對比,實驗組三種泳姿呈顯著性差異,而對照組四種泳姿提高均呈不顯著差異,表明實驗組進行的陸上抗阻訓(xùn)練更有效果。4.與傳統(tǒng)力量訓(xùn)練相比,陸上抗阻練習(xí)對提高運動員技術(shù)、專項運動成績、肌肉力量的效果更為顯著。5.對11-12歲男子游泳運動員抗阻訓(xùn)練進行的優(yōu)化組合設(shè)計,提高了運動員的專項素質(zhì)和運動成績,達到了提高訓(xùn)練效益的目的。
[Abstract]:According to the law of hydrodynamics, the resistance of water is proportional to the square of the velocity of an object in horizontal motion, and the faster the moving speed is, the greater the resistance is. Swimming requires the use of muscle groups in comparison with other cyclical sports, so this puts a higher demand on the strength of swimmers. The purpose of resistance training for swimmers should not be general physical training. At present, there are hundreds of methods of resistance training, but if you do not choose, it is likely to be counterproductive. How to base on the physical and mental characteristics of juvenile swimmers, Sports training rules, swimming characteristics and anatomical mechanics, etc., Scientific and reasonable arrangement of land resistance training to improve training efficiency is an important problem facing teenagers in swimming training. This study attempts to study the previous generation of scholars' research results and coaches' experience. Combining with one's own theoretical study and practical experience of sports training, using sports training theory, swimming special training theory, pedagogy theory and related discipline theory, combining the law of teenagers' physical and mental development, adopting the method of literature, Research methods such as questionnaire survey, expert interview, experimental and mathematical statistics, etc., under the premise of fully investigating the basic situation of land resistance training in junior sports schools at the grass-roots level, Scientific and reasonable methods for the physical and mental development of male athletes aged 11 to 12 years were selected from numerous resistance training, and 20 male swimmers aged 11 to 12 years old from Xicheng Sports School were selected as experimental objects and divided into two groups, experimental group and control group, respectively. A comparative experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. The experimental group used the selected resistance exercises to arrange strength training classes. In the control group, the traditional strength training method was used to arrange the training courses. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The methods for land training for young male swimmers included: equal pulling force, Swiss ball ball, upward pull, resistance to resistance sprint run, After intervention, the experimental group and the control group were compared with each other in terms of physical fitness on land. The results showed that the training effect of the onshore resistance training program was obviously better than that of the conventional strength training. 3. The experimental group and the control group were compared with each other in the special achievements in water after the experimental intervention, and there were significant differences among the three swimming styles in the experimental group. However, there was no significant difference among the four swimming styles in the control group, which indicated that the overland resistance training in the experimental group was more effective than that in the traditional strength training. Compared with the traditional strength training, the overland resistance training could improve the athletes' technique and the performance of the special sports. The effect of muscle strength is more remarkable. 5. The optimum combination design of resistance training for male swimmers aged 11-12 has improved the athletes' special quality and performance, and achieved the purpose of improving the training efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.1

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