本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大學(xué)生就業(yè) 就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 過(guò)度競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 結(jié)構(gòu)失衡　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)生就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾主要體現(xiàn)在人才的需求和供給不一致,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中大量存在著“大學(xué)生找不到工作,企業(yè)又招不到大學(xué)生”的現(xiàn)象。不同地區(qū)、不同產(chǎn)業(yè)、不同行業(yè)對(duì)大學(xué)生的學(xué)歷、專業(yè)、技能要求各不相同,而大學(xué)生本身對(duì)就業(yè)崗位具有選擇性,因而就形成了大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題的專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾、行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾和地區(qū)性就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾。 本文首先從專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)角度對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)矛盾的突出表現(xiàn)是既存在結(jié)構(gòu)性短缺,也存在結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè),前者表現(xiàn)為“用人單位招不到大學(xué)生”,后者表現(xiàn)為“大學(xué)生找不到工作”。從總體上來(lái)看,專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期存在,部分專業(yè)長(zhǎng)期處于高失業(yè)狀態(tài),而部分專業(yè)則長(zhǎng)期供不應(yīng)求狀態(tài)；從變化趨勢(shì)上來(lái)看,專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)變化具有周期性特征；從就業(yè)水平來(lái)看,大學(xué)生比重低的行業(yè)容易就業(yè),而過(guò)度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)則會(huì)加劇專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)。 其次,從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)角度對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。從總量結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,整體呈現(xiàn)“三、二、一”的分布次序,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大,并且決定就業(yè)總量的變化,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)大學(xué)生的就業(yè)吸納力提升最快。從增量角度來(lái)看,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)增量貢獻(xiàn)較低,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的增量發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與整體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的一致性顯著增強(qiáng),產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨向合理。從結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度來(lái)看,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力供不應(yīng)求,結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)矛盾突出,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨向合理,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)大學(xué)生的需求趨向飽和。 再次,從行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)角度對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。從總量和增量結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,農(nóng)、林、牧、漁業(yè)無(wú)論是就業(yè)總量還是行業(yè)大學(xué)生構(gòu)成比重均處較低水平：制造業(yè),批發(fā)和零售業(yè)異軍突起,對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)吸納潛力巨大；“鐵飯碗”行業(yè)依然是大學(xué)生的熱衷行業(yè),但大學(xué)生的比重有所下降。從行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度來(lái)看,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)具有較強(qiáng)的就業(yè)吸納潛力,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)各行業(yè)的表現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜,大致可以分為三類：過(guò)度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型行業(yè)、人才儲(chǔ)備型行業(yè)以及就業(yè)潛力型行業(yè)。 最后,從地區(qū)角度對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。不同區(qū)域?qū)Υ髮W(xué)生的就業(yè)吸引力具有結(jié)構(gòu)性差異,結(jié)果顯示,泛珠江三角洲區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)大學(xué)生的就業(yè)吸引力最大,其次為泛長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)體和泛渤海灣區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)體,中西部生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的地區(qū)就業(yè)吸引力最弱。
[Abstract]:The structural contradiction of college students ' employment is mainly reflected in the demand and supply of talents . There are many problems in the labor market that " college students can ' t find jobs and enterprises can ' t recruit college students " . Different regions , different industries and different industries have different educational background , professional and skill requirements for college students , while the college students themselves have the selectivity to the employment position , thus forming the professional structural contradictions , structural contradictions , structural contradictions in the industry and the contradiction of regional employment structure . This paper first studies the problem of college students ' employment from the angle of professional structure . The conflict of professional structural employment is characterized by structural shortage and structural unemployment . Secondly , from the perspective of the total structure , the paper studies the employment of college students . From the perspective of total structure , the whole presents the distribution order of " three , two , one " , the third industry has the greatest contribution to the employment of college students , and decides the change of total employment . Thirdly , from the perspective of industry structure , the employment problem of college students is studied . From the total and incremental structure , agriculture , forestry , animal husbandry and fishery , whether the total employment volume or the composition proportion of the industry college students , are low : manufacturing , wholesale and retail outlets , which have huge potential for college students ' employment . The " iron rice bowl " industry is still the keen industry of college students , but the proportion of college students has declined . From the industry structure deviation degree , the second industry has stronger employment absorption potential , and the third industry industry has more complex performance , which can be divided into three categories : over - competitive industry , talent reserve type industry and employment potential type industry . Finally , the study on the employment of college students from the regional perspective . The different regions have structural differences on the employment appeal of college students . The results show that the regional economy of Pan - Pearl River Delta has the greatest attraction to college students , and secondly , the regional economy in Pan - Pearl River Delta and the Pan - Bohai Gulf region economy , and the regional employment appeal of the central and western eco - economic zones is the weakest .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38

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