本文關鍵詞： 大學擴招 用工荒 就業(yè)難 高等教育　出處：《湖南師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,“用工荒”與“就業(yè)難”問題愈演愈烈。中國式的用工荒與就業(yè)難問題產(chǎn)生的根源是什么?這一問題引發(fā)了國內(nèi)學者的廣泛爭論。學者們認為協(xié)調(diào)好這對矛盾,在于調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變就業(yè)觀念、對大學生與農(nóng)民工給予人文關懷及完善國家制度保障等。本文從高等教育的角度出發(fā),研究大學擴招對用工荒、就業(yè)難的影響關系,并進行了實證分析。這對于化解用工荒和就業(yè)難問題提供了一個新的解決視角,乃至澄清人們對大學擴招政策的錯誤認識,或反思大學擴招政策,都具有重要的現(xiàn)實價值。 本文以高等教育招生人數(shù)、生產(chǎn)運輸設備操作工求人倍率和大學畢業(yè)生待業(yè)人數(shù)為研究對象,探索高等教育招生人數(shù)對生產(chǎn)運輸設備操作工求人倍率和大學畢業(yè)生待業(yè)生人數(shù)的影響關系,旨在證明大學擴招對用工荒、就業(yè)難及其并存現(xiàn)象存在相關性,從而從高等教育擴招的角度尋找解決用工荒和就業(yè)難的有效措施。本文運用勞動力市場分割理論、勞動力市場搜尋匹配理論、人力資本理論、篩選理論、統(tǒng)計學、計量經(jīng)濟學等相關理論和分析方法,內(nèi)容主要圍繞大學擴招對用工荒、就業(yè)難及其并存現(xiàn)象的三個回歸分析模型的建立、數(shù)據(jù)的收集、模型效果的檢驗幾個方面進行。 研究結(jié)果表明,大學擴招與“用工荒”存在相關性,大學擴招因擠占職業(yè)教育,減少了技工人口的潛在數(shù)量,使得與二級勞動力市場相匹配的人數(shù)減少；同時,大學擴招也增加了高校畢業(yè)生人數(shù),供過于求,形成了“就業(yè)難”。但研究結(jié)果并未表明大學擴招同時造成了“用工荒”和“就業(yè)難”并存。在研究結(jié)論的基礎上,作者給出了穩(wěn)定高等教育招生規(guī)模、消化大學擴招帶來的負面影響、建立與目前高等教育規(guī)模相匹配的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)及其體系、建立與社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展耦合的高等教育人才培養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和體系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of "shortage of employment" and "difficulty of employment" have become more and more serious. What are the root causes of the problem of "shortage of employment" and "difficulty in employment" in China? This issue has aroused widespread debate among domestic scholars. Scholars believe that the contradiction lies in adjusting the industrial structure and changing the concept of employment. This paper, from the perspective of higher education, studies the influence of the expansion of university enrollment on the shortage of employment and the difficulty of obtaining employment. It provides a new angle of view to solve the problem of employment shortage and employment, even clarifies people's wrong understanding of the policy of university enrollment expansion, or reflects on the policy of university enrollment expansion, which has important practical value. In this paper, the number of students enrolled in higher education, the number of operators of production and transportation equipment and the number of unemployed college graduates are taken as the research objects. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the number of students enrolled in higher education and the number of college graduates seeking employment, in order to prove that there is a correlation between the expansion of university enrollment and the shortage of employment, the difficulty of employment and the coexistence of the phenomenon. In order to find effective measures to solve the shortage of employment and employment difficulties from the point of view of expanding enrollment in higher education, this paper applies the theory of labor market segmentation, the theory of labor market search and matching, the theory of human capital, the theory of screening, the theory of statistics, Econometrics and other related theories and analytical methods mainly focus on the establishment of three regression models of labor shortage, employment difficulties and their co-existence, data collection and model effect test. The results show that there is a correlation between the expansion of university enrollment and the "shortage of employment". By crowding out vocational education, the expansion of university enrollment reduces the potential number of skilled workers and reduces the number of people matching the secondary labor market; at the same time, The expansion of university enrollment also increases the number of college graduates, oversupply the demand, and leads to "difficult employment". However, the results of the study do not show that the expansion of university enrollment at the same time leads to the coexistence of "shortage of employment" and "difficulty in employment." on the basis of the findings of the study, The author gives the idea of stabilizing the enrollment scale of higher education, digesting the negative influence brought by the expansion of university enrollment, and establishing the industrial structure and its system matching the current scale of higher education. To establish the structure and system of talent training in higher education coupled with social and economic development.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.21;G649.2

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