我國(guó)義務(wù)教育有效供給研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-15 09:24
【摘要】： 教育供求問(wèn)題是我國(guó)教育發(fā)展的主要矛盾，即使義務(wù)教育也不例外。盡管當(dāng)前我國(guó)已基本普及九年制義務(wù)教育，除了少數(shù)貧困地區(qū)和特殊群體外，教育供給數(shù)量已基本滿(mǎn)足教育需求；但是，我們也應(yīng)清醒地看到，義務(wù)教育發(fā)展仍然面臨著許多困難和問(wèn)題，教育投入與義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的客觀(guān)需要相比仍然嚴(yán)重不足，義務(wù)教育發(fā)展不平衡的問(wèn)題還比較突出，城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)之間義務(wù)教育的辦學(xué)條件、教育質(zhì)量差距依然巨大，等等。這些問(wèn)題歸結(jié)到一點(diǎn)，即義務(wù)教育有效供給仍然不足。因此，必須從擴(kuò)大義務(wù)教育的有效供給入手，最大限度地引導(dǎo)和滿(mǎn)足義務(wù)教育的需求，緩解義務(wù)教育的供求矛盾，促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育的均衡發(fā)展。這也是義務(wù)教育基本普及之后，我國(guó)教育亟待研究和解決的一個(gè)重大問(wèn)題。 本文立足于中國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情，以教育供給為切入點(diǎn)，借鑒發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和公共經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)理論，從理論分析、實(shí)證分析和政策分析三個(gè)層面依次分析和研究了教育供給的特征、教育有效供給的內(nèi)涵、義務(wù)教育有效供給的界定、我國(guó)義務(wù)教育供給的現(xiàn)狀、義務(wù)教育有效供給不足的成因，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了全面提高我國(guó)義務(wù)教育有效供給的對(duì)策思路。 論文共分為七個(gè)部分：第一章為導(dǎo)言，主要是確定論文所要研究的問(wèn)題，并簡(jiǎn)要分析了教育有效供給的研究現(xiàn)狀，擬定了本文的基本研究思路與研究方法。 第二章界定和描述了供給、教育供給的概念與特征。教育供給和需求與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的供求有明顯不同，教育供求比經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的一般商品供求要復(fù)雜得多。調(diào)節(jié)教育供給與需求，規(guī)劃教育供給的方法主要有人力需求法、教育投資收益法和社會(huì)需求法，其中人力需求法是調(diào)節(jié)義務(wù)教育供求的主要方法，社會(huì)需求法對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育供求也具有一定影響。 第三章主要分析了教育有效供給的含義與形成條件。有效供給是發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和公共經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的一個(gè)新興理論，有效供給的實(shí)質(zhì)是指經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中生產(chǎn)可能性邊界的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張以及與收益遞增趨勢(shì)并存的供給機(jī)制，有效供給理論側(cè)重于研究資源配置效率的不斷提升和拓展供給的潛在能力。教育供給是否有效在一定意義上是一種價(jià)值判斷，考察教育供求狀態(tài)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是多方面的。教育有效供給的形成受各種條件的限制。 第四章首先回顧了義務(wù)教育產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的歷史原因及義務(wù)教育的產(chǎn)品屬性，然后提出了義務(wù)教育有效供給的概念、形成過(guò)程、作用、特征與影響因素。義務(wù)教育有效供給理論的提出，對(duì)促進(jìn)我國(guó)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展具有積極意義。義務(wù)教育供給應(yīng)具備數(shù)量充足、質(zhì)量均衡、促進(jìn)公平和提高效率等四個(gè)主要特征。由于義務(wù)教育與學(xué)齡兒童的數(shù)量有密切關(guān)系，因此，學(xué)齡人口的總量、分布、遷移和教育期望是影響義務(wù)教育有效供給的主要因素。 第五章對(duì)我國(guó)義務(wù)教育供給狀況的考察主要從教育機(jī)會(huì)供給的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、公平和效率四個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行，在時(shí)間段的選取上，我們主要考察2000年之后義務(wù)教育發(fā)展情況。從以上四個(gè)維度來(lái)看，我國(guó)義務(wù)教育供給的現(xiàn)狀可以歸納為義務(wù)教育有效供給不足，義務(wù)教育供給的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量難以滿(mǎn)足教育需求，同時(shí)在供給過(guò)程中的種種不公平和低效現(xiàn)象也很突出。 第六章探討了我國(guó)義務(wù)教育有效供給不足的成因，導(dǎo)致義務(wù)教育有效供給不足的原因是多方面的，既有長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)形成的地區(qū)差異和城鄉(xiāng)差異，也有教育制度方面的缺陷，而且我國(guó)正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，缺乏對(duì)教育需求的科學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)和教育體制改革的滯后也影響到了義務(wù)教育的有效供給。 第七章結(jié)合近年來(lái)我國(guó)實(shí)施的一系列重大教育政策的調(diào)整，對(duì)擴(kuò)大義務(wù)教育有效供給提出對(duì)策建議。義務(wù)教育有效供給水平的提高必需具備內(nèi)在的推動(dòng)力，通過(guò)制定科學(xué)的教育供給方法，有助于我們根據(jù)多變的教育需求及時(shí)調(diào)整供給策略，從而減少教育供給的不足與過(guò)剩。中央政府應(yīng)當(dāng)是義務(wù)教育的主要供給者，通過(guò)教育制度的調(diào)整來(lái)逐步擴(kuò)大義務(wù)教育有效供給是當(dāng)前的迫切任務(wù)。未來(lái)的教育制度調(diào)整應(yīng)當(dāng)打破城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的制度障礙，科學(xué)規(guī)劃義務(wù)教育供給；重新劃分各級(jí)政府職責(zé)，，實(shí)施績(jī)效管理激勵(lì)機(jī)制；優(yōu)化義務(wù)教育資源配置，促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The problem of supply and demand of education is the principal contradiction of educational development in our country, even if compulsory education is no exception. Although the nine-year compulsory education has been basically popularized in our country, in addition to a few poverty-stricken areas and special groups, the educational supply quantity has basically met the needs of education; however, we should also be soberly aware that the development of compulsory education still faces many difficulties and problems, Compared with the objective needs of the development of compulsory education, the educational investment is still seriously insufficient, the problem of unbalanced development of compulsory education is still outstanding, the school conditions of compulsory education between urban and rural areas and regions, the educational quality gap is still huge, and so on. These problems are linked to a point where the effective supply of compulsory education is still insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the effective supply of compulsory education, to guide and meet the demand of compulsory education, to alleviate the contradiction between compulsory education and to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. This is also a major problem that China's education needs to be studied and solved after the basic popularization of compulsory education. Based on the actual situation of China and taking the education supply as the entry point, this paper draws on the relevant theories of development economics, institutional economics and public economics, analyzes and studies the education supply from three aspects: theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and policy analysis. The connotation of effective supply of compulsory education, the definition of effective supply of compulsory education, the present situation of compulsory education supply in China and the cause of insufficient supply of compulsory education are put forward, and the effective supply of compulsory education in our country is put forward. The paper is divided into seven parts: the first chapter is the introduction, the main purpose is to determine the problems to be studied in the paper, and the research status of the effective supply of education is analyzed briefly, and the basic research of this paper is drawn up. The second chapter defines and describes the supply Educational supply and demand are different from supply and demand in economics, and education supply and demand are higher than that in economics In order to adjust the supply and demand of education, the methods of planning education supply mainly include manpower demand method, education investment income method and social demand law, in which the manpower demand method is the main method to adjust the supply and demand of compulsory education, and the social demand method is the rural obligation. The supply and demand of education also have a certain influence. The effective supply is a new theory in development economics and public economics, and the essence of effective supply refers to the continuous expansion of the boundary of production possibility in economic development. The effective supply theory focuses on the research of resource allocation efficiency. Whether the supply of education is effective in a certain sense is a kind of value judgment and examination. The standard of the state of supply and demand of education is multi-faceted. The formation of effective supply is limited by various conditions. The fourth chapter firstly reviews the historical reasons of the emergence and development of compulsory education and the product attributes of compulsory education, and then puts forward the effective supply of compulsory education. The concept, formation process, function, characteristic and influence factors of compulsory education. It is of positive significance to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in our country. The supply of compulsory education should have sufficient quantity and quality. As a result of the close relationship between compulsory education and the number of school-age children, the total amount, distribution, migration and education of school-age population are closely related to the number of school-age children. Education expectation is the main factor that affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The fifth chapter studies the supply situation of compulsory education in China mainly from four aspects of the quantity, quality, fairness and efficiency of education opportunity supply. At last, we mainly investigate the development of compulsory education after 2000. From the above four dimensions, the present situation of compulsory education in our country can be summarized as the insufficient supply of compulsory education, the quantity and quality of compulsory education supply can't meet the needs of education. At the same time, the unfair and ineffective phenomena in the supply process are also outstanding. Chapter six discusses the causes of insufficient effective supply of compulsory education in our country, which leads to the insufficient supply of compulsory education in many aspects, including the regional difference and the difference between urban and rural areas for a long time. Besides, there are some defects in the educational system, and our country is in the period of social transformation. The lag of science prediction and educational system reform also affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The adjustment of a series of major educational policies has put forward the countermeasures to expand the effective supply of compulsory education. The improvement of the effective supply level of compulsory education must have the intrinsic impetus, and help us root through the development of scientific education supply method. According to the changeable educational demand, the supply strategy is adjusted in time, so as to reduce the shortage and surplus of education supply. The central government should be the main speaker of compulsory education Through the adjustment of the educational system, the effective supply of compulsory education is an urgent task. The future education system adjustment should break the institutional barriers of urban and rural development, scientifically plan the supply of compulsory education, and re-divide government responsibilities at all levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G522.3
本文編號(hào)：2272089
[Abstract]:The problem of supply and demand of education is the principal contradiction of educational development in our country, even if compulsory education is no exception. Although the nine-year compulsory education has been basically popularized in our country, in addition to a few poverty-stricken areas and special groups, the educational supply quantity has basically met the needs of education; however, we should also be soberly aware that the development of compulsory education still faces many difficulties and problems, Compared with the objective needs of the development of compulsory education, the educational investment is still seriously insufficient, the problem of unbalanced development of compulsory education is still outstanding, the school conditions of compulsory education between urban and rural areas and regions, the educational quality gap is still huge, and so on. These problems are linked to a point where the effective supply of compulsory education is still insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the effective supply of compulsory education, to guide and meet the demand of compulsory education, to alleviate the contradiction between compulsory education and to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. This is also a major problem that China's education needs to be studied and solved after the basic popularization of compulsory education. Based on the actual situation of China and taking the education supply as the entry point, this paper draws on the relevant theories of development economics, institutional economics and public economics, analyzes and studies the education supply from three aspects: theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and policy analysis. The connotation of effective supply of compulsory education, the definition of effective supply of compulsory education, the present situation of compulsory education supply in China and the cause of insufficient supply of compulsory education are put forward, and the effective supply of compulsory education in our country is put forward. The paper is divided into seven parts: the first chapter is the introduction, the main purpose is to determine the problems to be studied in the paper, and the research status of the effective supply of education is analyzed briefly, and the basic research of this paper is drawn up. The second chapter defines and describes the supply Educational supply and demand are different from supply and demand in economics, and education supply and demand are higher than that in economics In order to adjust the supply and demand of education, the methods of planning education supply mainly include manpower demand method, education investment income method and social demand law, in which the manpower demand method is the main method to adjust the supply and demand of compulsory education, and the social demand method is the rural obligation. The supply and demand of education also have a certain influence. The effective supply is a new theory in development economics and public economics, and the essence of effective supply refers to the continuous expansion of the boundary of production possibility in economic development. The effective supply theory focuses on the research of resource allocation efficiency. Whether the supply of education is effective in a certain sense is a kind of value judgment and examination. The standard of the state of supply and demand of education is multi-faceted. The formation of effective supply is limited by various conditions. The fourth chapter firstly reviews the historical reasons of the emergence and development of compulsory education and the product attributes of compulsory education, and then puts forward the effective supply of compulsory education. The concept, formation process, function, characteristic and influence factors of compulsory education. It is of positive significance to promote the balanced development of compulsory education in our country. The supply of compulsory education should have sufficient quantity and quality. As a result of the close relationship between compulsory education and the number of school-age children, the total amount, distribution, migration and education of school-age population are closely related to the number of school-age children. Education expectation is the main factor that affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The fifth chapter studies the supply situation of compulsory education in China mainly from four aspects of the quantity, quality, fairness and efficiency of education opportunity supply. At last, we mainly investigate the development of compulsory education after 2000. From the above four dimensions, the present situation of compulsory education in our country can be summarized as the insufficient supply of compulsory education, the quantity and quality of compulsory education supply can't meet the needs of education. At the same time, the unfair and ineffective phenomena in the supply process are also outstanding. Chapter six discusses the causes of insufficient effective supply of compulsory education in our country, which leads to the insufficient supply of compulsory education in many aspects, including the regional difference and the difference between urban and rural areas for a long time. Besides, there are some defects in the educational system, and our country is in the period of social transformation. The lag of science prediction and educational system reform also affects the effective supply of compulsory education. The adjustment of a series of major educational policies has put forward the countermeasures to expand the effective supply of compulsory education. The improvement of the effective supply level of compulsory education must have the intrinsic impetus, and help us root through the development of scientific education supply method. According to the changeable educational demand, the supply strategy is adjusted in time, so as to reduce the shortage and surplus of education supply. The central government should be the main speaker of compulsory education Through the adjustment of the educational system, the effective supply of compulsory education is an urgent task. The future education system adjustment should break the institutional barriers of urban and rural development, scientifically plan the supply of compulsory education, and re-divide government responsibilities at all levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G522.3
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
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